10 Has az bilinýän peýdaly Linux buýruklary - V bölüm
Dört sany ýokary baha berlen we “Has az bilinýän Linux buýruklary” atly makalalaryň şowly tapgyryndan soň, bu seriýadaky iň soňky makalany size hödürleýäris. Öňki makalalar:
- 11 Has az bilinýän peýdaly Linux buýruklary - I bölüm
- 10 has az bilinýän Linux buýruklary - II bölüm
- Linux üçin has az bilinýän buýruklar - III bölüm
- 10 has az bilinýän täsirli Linux buýruklary - IV bölüm
42. lsb_release
Lsb_release buýrugy paýlanyş aýratyn maglumatlary. Lsb_release gurulmadyk bolsa, Debian-da lsb-ýadro ýa-da Red Hat paketinde redhat-lsb ulanyp bilersiňiz.
# lsb_release -a LSB Version: :base-4.0-ia32:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-ia32:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-ia32: Distributor ID: CentOS Description: CentOS release 6.3 (Final) Release: 6.3 Codename: Final
Bellik: -a warianty, wersiýa, id, düşündiriş, goýberiliş we kod ady babatynda bar bolan maglumatlary görkezýär.
43. nc -zv ýerlihost 80
80-nji portuň açykdygyny ýa-da ýokdugyny barlaň. Açylandygyny ýa-da ýapylandygyny barlamak üçin “80” -ni başga port belgisi bilen çalşyp bileris.
$ nc -zv localhost 80 Connection to localhost 80 port [tcp/http] succeeded!
8080 portuň açykdygyny ýa-da ýokdugyny barlaň.
$ nc -zv localhost 8080 nc: connect to localhost port 8080 (tcp) failed: Connection refused
44. ipinfo.io
Aşakdaky buýruk, berlen IP adresiniň Geografiki ýerleşişini çykarar.
$ curl ipinfo.io "ip": "xx.xx.xx.xx", "hostname": "triband-del-aa.bbb.cc.ddd.bol.net.in", "city": null, "region": null, "country": "IN", "loc": "20,77", "org": "AS17813 Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd."
45. tap. - ulanyjy kök
Aşakdaky buýruk, ulanyjy (kök) eýe bolan faýllara degişlilikde faýllary çykarýar. Häzirki katalogdaky ulanyjynyň “köküne” degişli ähli faýllar.
# find . -user root ./.recently-used.xbel ./.mysql_history ./.aptitude ./.aptitude/config ./.aptitude/cache ./.bluefish ./.bluefish/session-2.0 ./.bluefish/autosave ./.bash_history
Ulanyjynyň eýeçiligindäki ähli faýllar häzirki katalogda.
# find . -user avi ./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_002b66 ./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_001719 ./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_001262 ./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_000544 ./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_002e40 ./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_00119a ./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_0014fc ./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_001b52 ./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_00198d ./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_003680
46. sudo apt-get build-dep ffmpeg
Aşakdaky buýruk, degişli paket gurlanda awtomatiki usulda garaşlylygy döreder. Şonuň üçin bukjany gurnamak prosesi gaty arassa we aňsat.
# apt-get build-dep ffmpeg libxinerama-dev libxml-namespacesupport-perl libxml-sax-expat-perl libxml-sax-perl libxml-simple-perl libxrandr-dev libxrender-dev x11proto-render-dev x11proto-xinerama-dev xulrunner-dev The following packages will be upgraded: libpixman-1-0 1 upgraded, 143 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded. Need to get 205 MB of archives. After this operation, 448 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]?
47. lsof -iTCP: 80 -sTCP: Diňläň
Aşakdaky buýruk netijeleri, belli bir port 80 ulanyp, prosesiň/hyzmatyň ady. 80-nji portda aşakdaky buýrugy has gowy düşünmek üçin portda işleýän ähli hyzmatlary/amallary görkezer.
[email :/home/avi# lsof -iTCP:80 -sTCP:LISTEN COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME apache2 1566 root 5u IPv6 5805 0t0 TCP *:www (LISTEN) apache2 1664 www-data 5u IPv6 5805 0t0 TCP *:www (LISTEN) apache2 1665 www-data 5u IPv6 5805 0t0 TCP *:www (LISTEN) apache2 1666 www-data 5u IPv6 5805 0t0 TCP *:www (LISTEN) apache2 1667 www-data 5u IPv6 5805 0t0 TCP *:www (LISTEN) apache2 1668 www-data 5u IPv6 5805 0t0 TCP *:www (LISTEN)
Edil şonuň ýaly, 22-nji portuň işleýän hyzmatlaryny/amallaryny hem barlap bilersiňiz.
[email :/home/avi# lsof -iTCP:22 -sTCP:LISTEN COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME sshd 2261 root 3u IPv4 8366 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN) sshd 2261 root 4u IPv6 8369 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
48. ölçegi + 100M tapyň
Tapmak buýrugy, häzirki katalogdaky ähli faýllary görkezilen ululykdan (şu ýerde 100 MB) yzygiderli görkezýär.
# find -size +100M ./.local/share/Trash/files/linuxmint-15-cinnamon-dvd-32bit.iso ./Downloads/Fedora-Live-Desktop-i686-19-1.iso ./Downloads/Ant Videos/shakira 2.avi ./Downloads/Deewar.avi ./Desktop/101MSDCF/MOV02224.AVI ./Desktop/101MSDCF/MOV02020.AVI ./Desktop/101MSDCF/MOV00406.MP4 ./Desktop/squeeze.iso
Häzirki katalogyň içinde 1000 MB-dan köp bolsa, ähli faýllary yzygiderli görkezmek.
[email :/home/avi# find -size +1000M ./Downloads/The Dark Knight 2008 hindi BRRip 720p/The Dark Knight.mkv.part ./Downloads/Saudagar - (1991) - DVDRiP - x264 - AAC 5.1 - Chapters - Esubs - [DDR]/Saudagar - (1991) - DVDRiP - x264 - AAC 5.1 - Chapters - Esubs - [DDR].mkv ./Downloads/Deewar.avi ./Desktop/squeeze.iso
49. pdftk
Pdftk buýrugy birnäçe pdf faýlyny birleşdirýär. Pdftk programmasyny gurnan bolmaly. Notok bolsa, zerur bukjany almak üçin apt ýa-da ýum ediň.
$ pdftk 1.pdf 2.pdf 3.pdf …. 10.pdf cat output merged.pdf
50. ps -LF -u ulanyjy_name
Aşakdaky buýruk ulanyjynyň proseslerini we sapaklaryny çykarýar. “L” (sanaw sapaklary) we “-F” (Doly format sanawy) görnüşi.
$ ps -LF -u avi avi 21645 3717 21766 0 5 66168 117164 1 18:58 ? 00:00:00 /usr/ avi 21645 3717 21768 0 5 66168 117164 1 18:58 ? 00:00:00 /usr/ avi 22314 3717 22314 0 2 42797 50332 0 19:00 ? 00:00:40 /usr/ avi 22314 3717 22316 0 2 42797 50332 1 19:00 ? 00:00:00 /usr/ avi 22678 24621 22678 0 1 969 1060 1 21:05 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -L avi 23051 3717 23051 0 2 37583 45444 1 19:03 ? 00:00:52 /usr/ avi 23051 3717 23053 0 2 37583 45444 0 19:03 ? 00:00:03 /usr/ avi 23652 1 23652 0 2 22092 12520 0 19:06 ? 00:00:22 gnome avi 23652 1 23655 0 2 22092 12520 0 19:06 ? 00:00:00 gnome
51. Startx -: 1
X sessiýasyny paýlaşmak, ýygy-ýygydan girmegi we çykmagy aňladýar, şu ýerde Startx buýrugy halas edilýär. Buýruk täze sessiýa döredýär, şonuň üçin bir sessiýadan ýygy-ýygydan girmegiň we çykmagyň zerurlygy ýok. Iki X sessiýanyň arasynda geçmek üçin “ctrl+Alt + F7” bilen “ctrl+Alt + F8” arasynda geçmeli.
Bellik: “ctrl+Alt + F1”, “ctrl+Alt + F6” düwmeleri konsol sessiýasy üçin, “ctrl+Alt + F7”, “ctrl+Alt + F12” düwmeleri X sessiýasy üçin. Şonuň üçin ýygy-ýygydan girmän we çykmazdan 6 konsol sessiýasy we 6 X sessiýa. Aboveokardaky yzygiderlilik distronyň köpüsinde işleýär, ýöne dürli distro başgaça durmuşa geçiren bolmagy mümkin. Debian-da barladym, gaty gowy işleýär.
Bularyň hemmesi häzirlikçe. Geljekki makalalarda beýleki az bilýän buýruklary we talap edilişi ýaly bir çyzgyly ýazgyny taparys. Makalamyz we “Az bilinýän Linux buýruklary” atly seriýamyz barada gymmatly pikirleriňizi bermegi ýatdan çykarmaň. Indiki makalam bilen ýakyn wagtda gelerin, şoňa çenli sagdyn boluň, sazlaň we Tecmint-e birikdiriň.