Debian we Ubuntu-da köne ulanylmadyk ýadrolary nädip pozmaly
Geçen makalamyzda CentOS/RHEL/Fedora-da köne ulanylmadyk däneleri nädip pozmalydygyny düşündirdik. Bu makalada Debian we Ubuntu ulgamlarynda köne ulanylmadyk ýadrolary nädip pozmalydygyny düşündireris, ýöne has öňe gitmezden ozal peýdalanmak üçin iň soňky wersiýasyny gurup bilersiňiz: howpsuzlyk düzedişleri, täze ýadro funksiýalary, täzelenen draýwerler we ş.m. has köp.
Ernadrosyňyzy Ubuntu we Debian-daky iň soňky wersiýa çenli ýokarlandyrmak üçin şu gollanmany ýerine ýetiriň:
- ernadrosy Ubuntu-da iň soňky wersiýa nädip ýokarlandyrmaly
Üns beriň: Täzelenmekde näsazlyk ýüze çykan halatynda azyndan bir ýa-da iki köne ýadrosy yzyna gaýtarmak maslahat berilýär.
Ulgamyňyzda işleýän Linux ýadrosynyň häzirki wersiýasyny bilmek üçin aşakdaky buýrugy ulanyň.
$ uname -sr Linux 4.12.0-041200-generic
Ulgamyňyzdaky gurnalan ýadrolaryň hemmesini sanamak üçin bu buýrugy beriň.
$ dpkg -l | grep linux-image | awk '{print$2}'
linux-image-4.12.0-041200-generic
linux-image-4.8.0-22-generic
linux-image-extra-4.8.0-22-generic
linux-image-generic
Debian we Ubuntu-da köne ulanylmadyk ýadrolary aýyryň
Belli bir linux-şekili konfigurasiýa faýllary bilen aýyrmak üçin aşakdaky buýruklary işlediň, soňra grub2 konfigurasiýasyny täzeläň we ulgamy täzeden açyň.
$ sudo apt remove --purge linux-image-4.4.0-21-generic $ sudo update-grub2 $ sudo reboot
[sudo] password for tecmint: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: linux-generic linux-headers-4.8.0-59 linux-headers-4.8.0-59-generic linux-headers-generic linux-image-4.8.0-59-generic linux-image-extra-4.8.0-59-generic linux-image-generic Suggested packages: fdutils linux-doc-4.8.0 | linux-source-4.8.0 linux-tools Recommended packages: thermald The following packages will be REMOVED: linux-image-4.8.0-22-generic* linux-image-extra-4.8.0-22-generic* The following NEW packages will be installed: linux-headers-4.8.0-59 linux-headers-4.8.0-59-generic linux-image-4.8.0-59-generic linux-image-extra-4.8.0-59-generic The following packages will be upgraded: linux-generic linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic 3 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 2 to remove and 182 not upgraded. Need to get 72.0 MB of archives. After this operation, 81.7 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/main amd64 linux-headers-4.8.0-59 all 4.8.0-59.64 [10.2 MB] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/main amd64 linux-headers-4.8.0-59-generic amd64 4.8.0-59.64 [811 kB] Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/main amd64 linux-generic amd64 4.8.0.59.72 [1,782 B] Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/main amd64 linux-headers-generic amd64 4.8.0.59.72 [2,320 B] Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/main amd64 linux-image-4.8.0-59-generic amd64 4.8.0-59.64 [23.6 MB] Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/main amd64 linux-image-extra-4.8.0-59-generic amd64 4.8.0-59.64 [37.4 MB] Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/main amd64 linux-image-generic amd64 4.8.0.59.72 [2,348 B] Fetched 72.0 MB in 7min 12s (167 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-4.8.0-59. (Reading database ... 104895 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../0-linux-headers-4.8.0-59_4.8.0-59.64_all.deb ... Unpacking linux-headers-4.8.0-59 (4.8.0-59.64) ... Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-4.8.0-59-generic. Preparing to unpack .../1-linux-headers-4.8.0-59-generic_4.8.0-59.64_amd64.deb ... Unpacking linux-headers-4.8.0-59-generic (4.8.0-59.64) ... Preparing to unpack .../2-linux-generic_4.8.0.59.72_amd64.deb ... Unpacking linux-generic (4.8.0.59.72) over (4.8.0.22.31) ... Preparing to unpack .../3-linux-headers-generic_4.8.0.59.72_amd64.deb ... Unpacking linux-headers-generic (4.8.0.59.72) over (4.8.0.22.31) ... Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-4.8.0-59-generic. Preparing to unpack .../4-linux-image-4.8.0-59-generic_4.8.0-59.64_amd64.deb ... Done. Removing linux-image-4.8.0-22-generic (4.8.0-22.24) ... Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 4.8.0-22-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.8.0-22-generic update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-4.8.0-22-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 4.8.0-22-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.8.0-22-generic Generating grub configuration file ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.12.0-041200-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.12.0-041200-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.8.0-59-generic done ...
Bu usul gaty gowy işlese-de, ýokardaky ähli buýruklary bir programma birleşdirip, ulgamy dowam etdirmek üçin ýadro sanyny kesgitlemek ýaly peýdaly wariantlary birleşdirýän “byobu” atly amatly skript ulanmak has ygtybarly we täsirli.
Ulgamdan köne ýadrolary we sözbaşy paketlerini aýyrmak üçin ulanylýan arassalaýyş-köne ýadrolar atly programma üpjün edýän byobu skript paketini guruň.
$ sudo apt install byobu
Soňra köne ýadrolary aýyryň (aşakdaky buýruk ulgamda 2 ýadrosy saklamaga mümkinçilik berýär).
$ sudo purge-old-kernels --keep 2
Şeýle hem, Linux ýadrosyndaky aşakdaky degişli makalalary okap bilersiňiz.
- Linux-da ýadro modullaryny nädip ýüklemeli we düşürmeli
- ernadro iş wagtynyň parametrlerini dowamly we dowamly däl görnüşde nädip üýtgetmeli
Bu makalada Ubuntu we Debian ulgamlarynda köne ulanylmadyk ýadro şekillerini nädip aýyrmalydygyny düşündirdik. Aşakdaky pikirleriň üsti bilen islendik pikiriňizi paýlaşyp bilersiňiz.