10 has az bilinýän täsirli Linux buýruklary - IV bölüm
Has az bilinýän seriýany dowam etdirip, seriýanyň bu dördünji makalasy size peýdaly gülkünç we animasiýa buýruklaryny habar berer. Bu ýerde, köp teoriýa bolmazdan, amaly sessiýa girýäris.
- 11 Has az bilinýän peýdaly Linux buýruklary - I bölüm
- 10 has az bilinýän Linux buýruklary - 2-nji bölüm
- Linux üçin has az bilinýän buýruklar - 3-nji bölüm
- 10 has az bilinýän peýdaly Linux buýruklary - V bölüm
Bilýän, az tanalýan Linux buýruklaryny öz içine alýan bu tapgyryň dördünji makalasynda. Bu buýruklardan eýýäm habarly bolsaňyz gerek, tejribeli Linux ulanyjydygyňyzy we gözleg işlerini gowy görýändigiňiz şübhesiz.
32. strace buýrugy
Bu setir, ilkinji nobatda Linux-da näsazlyklary düzetmek maksady bilen ulanylýan düzediş guralydyr. Ulgamyňyzda adaty ýagdaýda gurulman biler we zerur bukjany sazlamaly ýa-da ýummaly bolarsyňyz.
Strace buýrugyny ulanyp buýrugyň ýerine ýetirilişini yzarlaň:
[email [~]# strace pwd
execve("/bin/pwd", ["pwd"], [/* 29 vars */]) = 0 brk(0) = 0x728000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0df2000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=38427, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 38427, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f29b0de8000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "7ELFexecve("/bin/pwd", ["pwd"], [/* 29 vars */]) = 0 brk(0) = 0x728000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0df2000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=38427, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 38427, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f29b0de8000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\360\355\1I;\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1922152, ...}) = 0 mmap(0x3b49000000, 3745960, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x3b49000000 mprotect(0x3b4918a000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x3b49389000, 20480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x189000) = 0x3b49389000 mmap(0x3b4938e000, 18600, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x3b4938e000 close(3) = 0 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de7000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de6000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de5000 ....execve("/bin/pwd", ["pwd"], [/* 29 vars */]) = 0 brk(0) = 0x728000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0df2000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=38427, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 38427, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f29b0de8000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\360\355\1I;\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1922152, ...}) = 0 mmap(0x3b49000000, 3745960, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x3b49000000 mprotect(0x3b4918a000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x3b49389000, 20480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x189000) = 0x3b49389000 mmap(0x3b4938e000, 18600, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x3b4938e000 close(3) = 0 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de7000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de6000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de5000 ....execve("/bin/pwd", ["pwd"], [/* 29 vars */]) = 0 brk(0) = 0x728000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0df2000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=38427, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 38427, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f29b0de8000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\360\355\1I;\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1922152, ...}) = 0 mmap(0x3b49000000, 3745960, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x3b49000000 mprotect(0x3b4918a000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x3b49389000, 20480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x189000) = 0x3b49389000 mmap(0x3b4938e000, 18600, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x3b4938e000 close(3) = 0 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de7000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de6000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de5000 ....execve("/bin/pwd", ["pwd"], [/* 29 vars */]) = 0 brk(0) = 0x728000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0df2000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=38427, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 38427, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f29b0de8000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\360\355\1I;\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1922152, ...}) = 0 mmap(0x3b49000000, 3745960, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x3b49000000 mprotect(0x3b4918a000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x3b49389000, 20480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x189000) = 0x3b49389000 mmap(0x3b4938e000, 18600, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x3b4938e000 close(3) = 0 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de7000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de6000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de5000 ....execve("/bin/pwd", ["pwd"], [/* 29 vars */]) = 0 brk(0) = 0x728000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0df2000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=38427, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 38427, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f29b0de8000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\360\355\1I;\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1922152, ...}) = 0 mmap(0x3b49000000, 3745960, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x3b49000000 mprotect(0x3b4918a000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x3b49389000, 20480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x189000) = 0x3b49389000 mmap(0x3b4938e000, 18600, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x3b4938e000 close(3) = 0 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de7000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de6000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de5000 ....execve("/bin/pwd", ["pwd"], [/* 29 vars */]) = 0 brk(0) = 0x728000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0df2000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=38427, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 38427, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f29b0de8000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\360\355\1I;\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1922152, ...}) = 0 mmap(0x3b49000000, 3745960, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x3b49000000 mprotect(0x3b4918a000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x3b49389000, 20480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x189000) = 0x3b49389000 mmap(0x3b4938e000, 18600, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x3b4938e000 close(3) = 0 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de7000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de6000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de5000 ....execve("/bin/pwd", ["pwd"], [/* 29 vars */]) = 0 brk(0) = 0x728000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0df2000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=38427, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 38427, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f29b0de8000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\360\355\1I;\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1922152, ...}) = 0 mmap(0x3b49000000, 3745960, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x3b49000000 mprotect(0x3b4918a000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x3b49389000, 20480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x189000) = 0x3b49389000 mmap(0x3b4938e000, 18600, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x3b4938e000 close(3) = 0 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de7000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de6000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de5000 ....execve("/bin/pwd", ["pwd"], [/* 29 vars */]) = 0 brk(0) = 0x728000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0df2000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=38427, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 38427, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f29b0de8000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\360\355\1I;\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1922152, ...}) = 0 mmap(0x3b49000000, 3745960, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x3b49000000 mprotect(0x3b4918a000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x3b49389000, 20480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x189000) = 0x3b49389000 mmap(0x3b4938e000, 18600, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x3b4938e000 close(3) = 0 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de7000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de6000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de5000 ....execve("/bin/pwd", ["pwd"], [/* 29 vars */]) = 0 brk(0) = 0x728000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0df2000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=38427, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 38427, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f29b0de8000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\360\355\1I;\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1922152, ...}) = 0 mmap(0x3b49000000, 3745960, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x3b49000000 mprotect(0x3b4918a000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x3b49389000, 20480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x189000) = 0x3b49389000 mmap(0x3b4938e000, 18600, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x3b4938e000 close(3) = 0 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de7000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de6000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de5000 ....execve("/bin/pwd", ["pwd"], [/* 29 vars */]) = 0 brk(0) = 0x728000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0df2000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=38427, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 38427, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f29b0de8000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\360\355\1I;\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1922152, ...}) = 0 mmap(0x3b49000000, 3745960, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x3b49000000 mprotect(0x3b4918a000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x3b49389000, 20480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x189000) = 0x3b49389000 mmap(0x3b4938e000, 18600, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x3b4938e000 close(3) = 0 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de7000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de6000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de5000 ....execve("/bin/pwd", ["pwd"], [/* 29 vars */]) = 0 brk(0) = 0x728000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0df2000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=38427, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 38427, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f29b0de8000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\360\355\1I;\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1922152, ...}) = 0 mmap(0x3b49000000, 3745960, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x3b49000000 mprotect(0x3b4918a000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x3b49389000, 20480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x189000) = 0x3b49389000 mmap(0x3b4938e000, 18600, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x3b4938e000 close(3) = 0 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de7000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de6000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de5000 ....execve("/bin/pwd", ["pwd"], [/* 29 vars */]) = 0 brk(0) = 0x728000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0df2000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=38427, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 38427, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f29b0de8000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\360\355\1I;\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1922152, ...}) = 0 mmap(0x3b49000000, 3745960, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x3b49000000 mprotect(0x3b4918a000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x3b49389000, 20480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x189000) = 0x3b49389000 mmap(0x3b4938e000, 18600, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x3b4938e000 close(3) = 0 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de7000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de6000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de5000 ....execve("/bin/pwd", ["pwd"], [/* 29 vars */]) = 0 brk(0) = 0x728000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0df2000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=38427, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 38427, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f29b0de8000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\360\355\1I;\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1922152, ...}) = 0 mmap(0x3b49000000, 3745960, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x3b49000000 mprotect(0x3b4918a000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x3b49389000, 20480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x189000) = 0x3b49389000 mmap(0x3b4938e000, 18600, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x3b4938e000 close(3) = 0 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de7000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de6000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de5000 ....execve("/bin/pwd", ["pwd"], [/* 29 vars */]) = 0 brk(0) = 0x728000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0df2000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=38427, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 38427, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f29b0de8000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\360\355\1I;\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1922152, ...}) = 0 mmap(0x3b49000000, 3745960, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x3b49000000 mprotect(0x3b4918a000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x3b49389000, 20480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x189000) = 0x3b49389000 mmap(0x3b4938e000, 18600, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x3b4938e000 close(3) = 0 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de7000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de6000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de5000 ....execve("/bin/pwd", ["pwd"], [/* 29 vars */]) = 0 brk(0) = 0x728000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0df2000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=38427, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 38427, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f29b0de8000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\360\355\1I;\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1922152, ...}) = 0 mmap(0x3b49000000, 3745960, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x3b49000000 mprotect(0x3b4918a000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x3b49389000, 20480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x189000) = 0x3b49389000 mmap(0x3b4938e000, 18600, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x3b4938e000 close(3) = 0 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de7000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de6000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de5000 ....execve("/bin/pwd", ["pwd"], [/* 29 vars */]) = 0 brk(0) = 0x728000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0df2000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=38427, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 38427, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f29b0de8000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\360\355\1I;\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1922152, ...}) = 0 mmap(0x3b49000000, 3745960, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x3b49000000 mprotect(0x3b4918a000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x3b49389000, 20480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x189000) = 0x3b49389000 mmap(0x3b4938e000, 18600, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x3b4938e000 close(3) = 0 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de7000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de6000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f29b0de5000 ....“Strace” buýrugy köp argumentleri kabul edýär we köp warianty bar. Jikme-jik maglumat üçin adam sahypasyna serediň.
33. -a && çykyş buýrugyndan ýüz öwüriň
Ulgam dolandyryjylarynyň köpüsi terminal fonda işleýän işleri dolandyrmak üçin ekran buýrugyny ulanýarlar. Uzak wagtlap işleýän bolsaňyz we terminaldan aýrylmak isleseňiz, muny ýerine ýetirmek üçin ekran buýrugyny ulanýarsyňyz. Screenöne ekrany nädip ulanmalydygyny bilmeseňiz, halas etmek üçin ýüz öwürmek buýrugy gelýär.
“Disown” buýrugy, terminal sessiýasyny ýapanyňyzdan soň hem yzygiderli fonda işlemek üçin ulanylýar. Inkär etmek buýrugynyň sintaksisi:
[email [~]# Command; disown -a && exitTerminalda uzak wagtlap işleýän işi täzeden bölmek üçin iş belgisini tapmak üçin iş buýrugyny ulanyň we n iş belgisi bolan ýerinde n% den ýüz öwüriň. Aslynda işiň işleýändigini barlamak üçin ps ýa-da top buýrugy ulanyň. Nohup buýrugy ret etmek buýrugyna alternatiwadyr.
34. getconf LONG_BIT buýrugy
Aboveokardaky buýruk, 32 bit ýa-da 64 bit bolsa, enjamyňyzyň arhitekturasyny görkezýärmi?
[email [~]# getconf LONG_BIT 3235. Terminalda görkeziliş senesi
Aşakdaky buýruk birnäçe buýrugyň utgaşmasydyr, has gowusy skript diýiň. Gabykda ýa-da terminalda işleýän adam üçin häzirki ulgam senesini GUI görmezden ýadaw iş. Şu günki senäni barlamak üçin sene buýrugyny ýazmaly.
Diňe aşakdaky buýrugy ýerine ýetiriň we terminalyň ýokarky sag burçunda senäni we wagty görüň.
[email [~]# while sleep 1;do tput sc;tput cup 0 $(($(tput cols)-29));date;tput rc;done &36. Buýrugy öwürmek
Gollanma ýazýarkam, köplenç şekil görnüşinde köp gezek çykyş etmeli. Aboveokardaky buýruk kombinasiýasy meniň üçin muny edýär. Surat görnüşinde agaç buýrugynyň (/ etc/x11 katalogy üçin) çykyşy gerek diýiň. Terminalda eden zadym:
[email :/etc/X11# tree | convert label:@- /home/avi/tree.pngAboveokardaky buýrugyň çykyşyny görkezilen ýerde (şu ýerde, meniň öý katalogym) tree.png hökmünde görkezilen faýl ady bilen görmek bolýar.
37. sagat -t -n1 “senesi +% T | injir”
Öňki Linux-yň 20 gülkünç buýrugy atly makalamyzda figlet buýrugy baradaky düşündirişimizi ýadyňyzdan çykarmaň. Bu buýruk gaty oňatdy, bu gezek terminalda animasiýa sanly sagady görkezmek üçin injir çekeris.
Diňe özüňizi barlaň, ulgamda injir gurnalan bolmalydygyny, gerekli bukjany gurmak üçin apt ýa-da ýum etmelidigini ýadyňyzdan çykarmaň.
[email [~]# watch -t -n1 "date +%T|figlet"_ ___ ____ ___ _____ _ _ Fri Nov 29 10:29:34 GMT / |/ _ \ _|___ \ / _ \ _|___ /| || | | | | | (_) __) | (_) (_) |_ \| || |_ | | |_| |_ / __/ \__, |_ ___) |__ _| |_|\___/(_)_____| /_/(_)____/ |_|38. buýruklary kabul ediň we gazyň
\ Host we\dig buýrugy beýle az bilinmese-de, henizem ýygy-ýygydan ulanylmaýar. Baş sahypa buýrugy DNS gözleg programmasydyr.
[email [~]# host www.google.com www.google.com has address 173.194.66.147 www.google.com has address 173.194.66.105 www.google.com has address 173.194.66.99 www.google.com has address 173.194.66.104 www.google.com has address 173.194.66.106 www.google.com has address 173.194.66.103 www.google.com has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:400c:c03::68[email [~]# dig www.google.com ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 <<>> www.google.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<39. dstat buýrugy
Dstat ulgam çeşmesine degişli statistiki maglumatlary döredýän köpugurly guraldyr. Düzgüne görä ulgamyňyzda “dstat” gurulmadyk bolmagy mümkin. Bu gaty reňkli we düşündiriş ulgamy çeşme generatoryny ulanmazdan ozal “dstat” gurmak üçin apt ýa-da ýum ediň.
[email [~]# dstat40. bind -p buýrugy
“Bind -p” buýrugy BASH gabygy üçin elýeterli ähli gysga ýollary görkezer.
[email [~]# bind -p"\C-g": abort "\C-x\C-g": abort "\e\C-g": abort "\C-j": accept-line "\C-m": accept-line # alias-expand-line (not bound) # arrow-key-prefix (not bound) # backward-byte (not bound) "\C-b": backward-char "\eOD": backward-char "\e[D": backward-char "\e!": complete-command "\e/": complete-filename "\[email ": complete-hostname "\e{": complete-into-braces "\e~": complete-username "\e$": complete-variable # copy-backward-word (not bound) # copy-forward-word (not bound) # copy-region-as-kill (not bound) .... ....41. degmek/forcefsck
Aboveokardaky buýruk kök katalogynyň aşagynda boş bukja “forcefsck” döreder. Bu Linux ulgamyny indiki bootda faýl ulgamyny barlamaga mejbur eder.
[email [~]# touch /forcefsckBularyň hemmesi häzirlikçe. Adamlar, bu Has az bilinýän buýruklary gowy görýärsiňiz we şonuň üçinem seriýany dowam etdirýäris, bu seriýanyň indiki makalasy ýakyn wagtda elýeterli bolar.
Soňra “Tecmint” -e birikdiriň. Teswirler bölümimizde gymmatly pikirleriňizi bermegi ýatdan çykarmaň. Bize hoşniýetlilik ediň, halaň we paýlaşyň we ýaýramaga kömek ediň.