15 Debian esasly Distros üçin dpkg buýruklarynyň amaly mysallary
Debian GNU/Linux, Knoppix, Kali, Ubuntu, Mint we ş.m. ýaly birnäçe Linux paýlanyşynyň operasiýa ulgamy, dpkg, apt, başarnyk, synaptic, taskel, deselect, dpkg-deb we dpkg-split ýaly dürli paket dolandyryjysyny ulanýar. .
Bularyň hersini dpkg buýrugyna ünsi jemlemezden ozal beýan ederis.
Kwartira, Advanced Package Tool diýmekdir. Deb bukjasy bilen iş salyşmaýar we gönüden-göni işleýär, ýöne /etc/apt/sources.list faýlynda görkezilen ýerden deb arhiwi bilen işleýär.
Dowamyny okamak: APT-GET buýruklarynyň 25 peýdaly esasy buýruklary
Ussatlyk, ulanyjylara paketleri aňsatlyk bilen dolandyrmaga mümkinçilik berýän “apt” -yň öň tarapyndaky Debian üçin tekst esasly paket dolandyryjysydyr.
Grafiki paket dolandyryjysy, hatda täze gelenlere paketleri gurmagy, täzelemegi we aýyrmagy aňsatlaşdyrýar.
Tasksel, ulanyja belli bir mesele, iş stoly-gurşaw bilen baglanyşykly ähli degişli paketleri gurmaga mümkinçilik berýär.
Ilki bilen gurlanda menýu bilen dolandyrylýan paket dolandyryş guraly, ilki bilen başarnyk bilen çalşylýar.
Debian arhiwi bilen täsirleşýär.
Uly faýly disketa ýaly kiçi göwrümli mediýada saklamak üçin uly faýllary böleklere bölmekde we birleşdirmekde peýdaly.
dpkg Debian we Debian ulgamynda esasy paket dolandyryş programmasydyr. Paketleri gurmak, gurmak, aýyrmak we dolandyrmak üçin ulanylýar. Ussatlyk dpkg-iň esasy öň tarapy.
Iň köp ulanylýan dpkg buýruklary, ulanylyşy bilen birlikde şu ýerde görkezilýär:
1. Bukja guruň
“.Deb” bukjasyny gurmak üçin “-i” opsiýasy bilen buýrugy ulanyň. Mysal üçin, “flashpluginnonfree_2.8.2 + gysmak1_i386.deb” atly “.deb” bukjasyny gurmak üçin aşakdaky buýrugy ulanyň.
dpkg -i flashpluginnonfree_2.8.2+squeeze1_i386.deb
Selecting previously unselected package flashplugin-nonfree. (Reading database ... 465729 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking flashplugin-nonfree (from flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb) ... Setting up flashplugin-nonfree (1:3.2) ... --2013-10-01 16:23:40-- http://fpdownload.macromedia.com/get/flashplayer/pdc/11.2.202.310/install_flash_player_11_linux.i386.tar.gz Resolving fpdownload.macromedia.com (fpdownload.macromedia.com)... 23.64.66.70 Connecting to fpdownload.macromedia.com (fpdownload.macromedia.com)|23.64.66.70|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 6923724 (6.6M) [application/x-gzip] Saving to: ‘/tmp/flashplugin-nonfree.FPxQ4l02fL/install_flash_player_11_linux.i386.tar.gz’
2. Gurlan paketleriň hemmesini sanaň
Gurlan paketleriň hemmesini görmek we sanawlamak üçin buýruk bilen birlikde “-l” opsiýasyny ulanyň.
dpkg -l
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Architecture Description +++-======================================-========================-=============================================================================== ii accerciser 3.8.0-0ubuntu1 all interactive Python accessibility explorer for the GNOME desktop ii account-plugin-aim 3.6.4-0ubuntu4.1 i386 Messaging account plugin for AIM ii account-plugin-facebook 0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386 GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - facebook ii account-plugin-flickr 0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386 GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - flickr ii account-plugin-generic-oauth 0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386 GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - generic OAuth ii account-plugin-google 0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386 GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon rc account-plugin-identica 0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386 GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - identica ii account-plugin-jabber 3.6.4-0ubuntu4.1 i386 Messaging account plugin for Jabber/XMPP ....
Gurlan belli bir bukjany görmek ýa-da paketiň ady bilen bilelikde “-l” opsiýasyny ulanmaň. Mysal üçin, apache2 paketiniň gurlandygyny ýa-da ýokdugyny barlaň.
dpkg -l apache2
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Architecture Description +++-======================================-========================-============================================== ii apache2 2.2.22-6ubuntu5.1 i386 Apache HTTP Server metapackage
3. Bukjany aýyryň
“.Deb” bukjasyny aýyrmak üçin bukjanyň adyny “flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb” däl-de, “flashpluginnonfree” kesgitlemeli. “-R” opsiýasy bukjany aýyrmak/aýyrmak üçin ulanylýar.
dpkg -r flashpluginnonfree
(Reading database ... 142891 files and directories currently installed.) Removing flashpluginnonfree ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Processing triggers for menu ... Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ... Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...
Şeýle hem bukjany konfigurasiýa faýly bilen aýyrjak “r” ýerine “p” opsiýasyny ulanyp bilersiňiz. R opsiýasy konfigurasiýa faýllaryny däl-de, diňe bukjany aýyrar.
dpkg -p flashpluginnonfree
4. Bukjanyň mazmunyny görüň
Belli bir bukjanyň mazmunyny görmek üçin görkezilişi ýaly “-c” opsiýasyny ulanyň. Buýruk “.deb” bukjasynyň mazmunyny uzyn sanaw görnüşinde görkezer.
dpkg -c flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/bin/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/lib/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/lib/mozilla/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree/ -rw-r--r-- root/root 3920 2009-09-09 22:51 ./usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree/pubkey.asc drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/man/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/man/man8/ -rw-r--r-- root/root 716 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/man/man8/update-flashplugin-nonfree.8.gz drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/applications/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/icons/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/icons/hicolor/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/icons/hicolor/24x24/ ....
5. Bukjanyň gurlandygyny ýa-da ýokdugyny barlaň
Bukjanyň ady bilen “-s” opsiýasyny ulanmak, deb paketiniň gurnalandygyny ýa-da ýokdugyny görkezer.
dpkg -s flashplugin-nonfree
Package: flashplugin-nonfree Status: install ok installed Priority: optional Section: contrib/web Installed-Size: 177 Maintainer: Bart Martens <[email > Architecture: i386 Version: 1:3.2 Replaces: flashplugin (<< 6) Depends: debconf | debconf-2.0, wget, gnupg, libatk1.0-0, libcairo2, libfontconfig1, libfreetype6, libgcc1, libglib2.0-0, libgtk2.0-0 (>= 2.14), libnspr4, libnss3, libpango1.0-0, libstdc++6, libx11-6, libxext6, libxt6, libcurl3-gnutls, binutils Suggests: iceweasel, konqueror-nsplugins, ttf-mscorefonts-installer, ttf-dejavu, ttf-xfree86-nonfree, flashplugin-nonfree-extrasound, hal Conflicts: flashplayer-mozilla, flashplugin (<< 6), libflash-mozplugin, xfs (<< 1:1.0.1-5) Description: Adobe Flash Player - browser plugin ...
6. Gurlan paketleriň ýerleşýän ýerini barlaň
Ulgamyňyza guruljak faýllaryň ýerleşişini paket adyndan sanawlamak üçin.
dpkg -L flashplugin-nonfree
/. /usr /usr/bin /usr/lib /usr/lib/mozilla /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins /usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree /usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree/pubkey.asc /usr/share /usr/share/man /usr/share/man/man8 /usr/share/man/man8/update-flashplugin-nonfree.8.gz /usr/share/applications /usr/share/icons /usr/share/icons/hicolor ...
7. Packhli paketleri katalogdan guruň
Gaýtalanyp, görkezilen kataloglarda we onuň ähli bukjalarynda tapylan “* .deb” gabat gelýän adaty faýllary guruň. Muny “-R” we “gurmak” opsiýalary bilen ulanyp bolýar. Mysal üçin, “.deb” paketleriniň hemmesini “debpackages” atly katalogdan guraryn.
dpkg -R --install debpackages/
(Reading database ... 465836 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace flashplugin-nonfree 1:3.2 (using .../flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement flashplugin-nonfree ... Setting up flashplugin-nonfree (1:3.2) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ... Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index... Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...
8. Bukjany açyň, ýöne sazlamaň
“Unpack” hereketini ulanmak bukjany açar, ýöne ony gurmaz ýa-da sazlamaz.
dpkg --unpack flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb
(Reading database ... 465836 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace flashplugin-nonfree 1:3.2 (using flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement flashplugin-nonfree ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ... Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index... Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...
9. Gaplanmadyk bukjany täzeden düzüň
“–Konfigurasiýa” opsiýasy eýýäm açylmadyk bukjany üýtgeder.
dpkg --configure flashplugin-nonfree
Setting up flashplugin-nonfree (1:3.2) ...
10. Elýeterli paket maglumatlaryny çalyşyň
“Updupdate-avail” opsiýasy köne maglumatlary paketler faýlyndaky maglumatlar bilen çalyşýar.
dpkg –-update-avail package_name
11. Bukjanyň bar bolan maglumatlaryny pozuň
“Clear-avaial” hereketi, haýsy paketleriň elýeterlidigi baradaky häzirki maglumatlary pozar.
dpkg –-clear-avail
12. Gurulmadyk we elýeterli däl paketleri ýatdan çykaryň
“--Gatdan çykar-köne-elýeterli” opsiýasy bolan dpkg buýrugy, gurulmadyk we elýeterli däl paketleri awtomatiki ýatdan çykarar.
dpkg --forget-old-unavail
13. dpkg ygtyýarnamasyny görkeziň
dpkg --licence
14. Dpkg wersiýasyny görkeziň
“Öwürmek” argumenti dpkg wersiýa maglumatyny görkezer.
dpkg –version
Debian `dpkg' package management program version 1.16.10 (i386). This is free software; see the GNU General Public License version 2 or later for copying conditions. There is NO warranty.
15. Dpkg hakda ähli kömegi alyň
“Kömek” opsiýasy dpkg buýrugynyň elýeterli görnüşleriniň sanawyny görkezer.
dpkg –help
Usage: dpkg [<option> ...] <command> Commands: -i|--install <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive <directory> ... --unpack <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive <directory> ... -A|--record-avail <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive <directory> ... --configure <package> ... | -a|--pending --triggers-only <package> ... | -a|--pending -r|--remove <package> ... | -a|--pending -P|--purge <package> ... | -a|--pending --get-selections [<pattern> ...] Get list of selections to stdout. --set-selections Set package selections from stdin. --clear-selections Deselect every non-essential package. --update-avail <Packages-file> Replace available packages info. --merge-avail <Packages-file> Merge with info from file. --clear-avail Erase existing available info. --forget-old-unavail Forget uninstalled unavailable pkgs. -s|--status <package> ... Display package status details. ...
Bularyň hemmesi häzirlikçe. Soonakynda ýene bir gyzykly makala bilen şu ýere gelerin. Sanawdaky haýsydyr bir buýrugy ýitiren bolsam, teswirler arkaly maňa habar beriň. Şoňa çenli habarly boluň we Tecmint-e birikdiriň. Bizi halaň we paýlaşyň we ýaýramaga kömek ediň. Gymmat pikirleriňizi teswirde aýtmagy ýatdan çykarmaň.