Bir tor interfeýsine birnäçe IP adres dörediň
Bir ulgam interfeýsinde birnäçe IP adresi döretmek ýa-da düzmek düşünjesine IP lakamy diýilýär. IP lakamy, bir subnet torda dürli IP adresi bolan bir tor interfeýsini ulanyp, Apache-de birnäçe wirtual saýt gurmak üçin örän peýdalydyr.
Bu IP lakamyny ulanmagyň esasy artykmaçlygy, her IP-de fiziki adapter bolmaly däl, tersine, bir fiziki kartada birnäçe ýa-da köp wirtual interfeýs (lakam) döredip bilersiňiz.
Bu ýerde berlen görkezmeler Red Hat, Fedora we CentOS ýaly esasy Linux paýlamalaryna degişlidir. Birnäçe interfeýs döretmek we oňa IP adresi bellemek gaty kyn mesele. Bu ýerde IP adresini nädip kesgitläp biljekdigimizi göreris. Şeýle hem, wirtual interfeýs döredip, bir gezekde interfeýsde dürli IP adresi bellejekdigimize düşüniň. Bu makalada LAN IP-lerini ulanýardyk, şonuň üçin ulanjaklaryňyzy çalyşyň.
Wirtual interfeýs döretmek we birnäçe IP adresi bellemek
Bu ýerde “ifcfg-eth0” atly interfeýs bar, Ethernet enjamy üçin deslapky interfeýs. Ikinji Ethernet enjamyny dakan bolsaňyz, birikdirilen her enjamyňyz üçin “ifcfg-eth1” enjamy we ş.m. Bu enjam tor faýllary “/ etc/sysconfig/network-scripts /” katalogynda ýerleşýär. Kataloga geçiň we ähli enjamlary sanawlamak üçin “ls -l” ediň.
# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ # ls -l
ifcfg-eth0 ifdown-isdn ifup-aliases ifup-plusb init.ipv6-global ifcfg-lo ifdown-post ifup-bnep ifup-post net.hotplug ifdown ifdown-ppp ifup-eth ifup-ppp network-functions ifdown-bnep ifdown-routes ifup-ippp ifup-routes network-functions-ipv6 ifdown-eth ifdown-sit ifup-ipv6 ifup-sit ifdown-ippp ifdown-tunnel ifup-isdn ifup-tunnel ifdown-ipv6 ifup ifup-plip ifup-wireless
Üç IP adresi (172.16.16.126, 172.16.16.127 we 172.16.16.128) baglanyşdyrmak üçin üç sany goşmaça wirtual interfeýs döretmek isleýäris. Şeýlelik bilen, “ifcfg-eth0” şol bir esasy IP adresi saklaýan bolsa, üç sany goşmaça lakam faýly döretmeli. Ine, aşakdaky IP adresleri baglanyşdyrmak üçin üç lakam gurmak üçin öňe barýarys.
Adapter IP Address Type ------------------------------------------------- eth0 172.16.16.125 Primary eth0:0 172.16.16.126 Alias 1 eth0:1 172.16.16.127 Alias 2 eth0:2 172.16.16.128 Alias 3
Bu ýerde “: X” interfeýs et0 üçin lakamlary döretmek üçin enjam (interfeýs) belgisi. Her lakam üçin yzygiderli san bellemeli. Mysal üçin, ifcfg-eth0: 0, ifcfg-eth0: 1 we ifcfg-eth0: 2 diýilýän wirtual interfeýslerde bar bolan “ifcfg-eth0” interfeýsiniň parametrlerini göçürýäris. Tor katalogyna giriň we aşakda görkezilişi ýaly faýllary dörediň.
# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ # cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:0 # cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:1 # cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:2
“Ifcfg-eth0” faýly açyň we mazmunyny görüň.
vi ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE="eth0" BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes TYPE="Ethernet" IPADDR=172.16.16.125 NETMASK=255.255.255.224 GATEWAY=172.16.16.100 HWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
Bu ýerde bize diňe iki parametr gerek (DEVICE we IPADDR). Şeýlelik bilen, her faýly VI redaktor bilen açyň we DEVICE adyny degişli lakamyna üýtgediň we IPADDR adresini üýtgediň. Mysal üçin, VI redaktory ulanyp, “ifcfg-eth0: 0”, “ifcfg-eth0: 1” we “ifcfg-eth0: 2” faýllaryny açyň we iki parametrini üýtgediň. Ahyrynda aşakdaky ýaly görüner.
DEVICE="eth0:0" BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes TYPE="Ethernet" IPADDR=172.16.16.126 NETMASK=255.255.255.224 GATEWAY=172.16.16.100 HWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
DEVICE="eth0:1" BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes TYPE="Ethernet" IPADDR=172.16.16.127 NETMASK=255.255.255.224 GATEWAY=172.16.16.100 HWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
DEVICE="eth0:2" BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes TYPE="Ethernet" IPADDR=172.16.16.128 NETMASK=255.255.255.224 GATEWAY=172.16.16.100 HWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
Bir gezek ähli üýtgeşmeler girizdiňiz, ähli üýtgeşmeleriňizi ýazdyryň we üýtgeşmeleriň şöhlelenmegi üçin tor hyzmatyny täzeden açyň/başlaň.
/etc/init.d/network restart
Ichli lakamlaryň (wirtual interfeýs) işleýändigini we işleýändigini barlamak üçin “ip” buýrugyny ulanyp bilersiňiz.
ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.125 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe28:fd4c/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:237 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:198 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:25429 (24.8 KiB) TX bytes:26910 (26.2 KiB)
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.126 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.127 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth0:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.128 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000Olaryň hersini dürli enjamdan çekiň. Hemme zat dogry gurlan bolsa, olaryň hersinden ping jogap alarsyňyz.
ping 172.16.16.126 ping 172.16.16.127 ping 172.16.16.128
ping 172.16.16.126 PING 172.16.16.126 (172.16.16.126) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.16.16.126: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.33 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.16.126: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.165 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.16.126: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.159 ms --- 172.16.16.126 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.159/0.552/1.332/0.551 ms ping 172.16.16.127 PING 172.16.16.127 (172.16.16.127) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.16.16.127: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.33 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.16.127: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.165 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.16.127: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.159 ms --- 172.16.16.127 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.159/0.552/1.332/0.551 ms ping 172.16.16.128 PING 172.16.16.128 (172.16.16.128) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.16.16.128: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.33 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.16.128: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.165 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.16.128: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.159 ms --- 172.16.16.128 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.159/0.552/1.332/0.551 ms
Hemme zat oňat işleýän ýaly, Bu täze IP-ler bilen Apache, FTP hasaplarynda we başga-da köp zatda wirtual saýtlary gurup bilersiňiz.
Birnäçe IP adres aralygyny belläň
“Ifcfg-eth0” diýilýän belli bir interfeýsde birnäçe IP adresleriň toplumyny döretmek isleseňiz, “ifcfg-eth0-range0” ulanýarys we aşakda görkezilişi ýaly ifcfg-eth0-iň mazmunyny göçürýäris.
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ cp -p ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0-range0
Indi “ifcfg-eth0-range0” faýly açyň we aşakda görkezilişi ýaly “IPADDR_START” we “IPADDR_END” IP adres diapazonyny goşuň.
vi ifcfg-eth0-range0 #DEVICE="eth0" #BOOTPROTO=none #NM_CONTROLLED="yes" #ONBOOT=yes TYPE="Ethernet" IPADDR_START=172.16.16.126 IPADDR_END=172.16.16.130 IPV6INIT=no #GATEWAY=172.16.16.100
Saklaň we tor hyzmatyny täzeden açyň/başlaň
/etc/init.d/network restart
Wirtual interfeýsleriň IP adresi bilen döredilendigini barlaň.
ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.125 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe28:fd4c/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:1385 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1249 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:127317 (124.3 KiB) TX bytes:200787 (196.0 KiB)
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.126 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.127 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth0:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.128 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth0:3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.129 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth0:4 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.130 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000Gurnamakda kynçylyk çekýän bolsaňyz, soraglaryňyzy teswirler bölüminde goýmagyňyzy haýyş edýäris.