Vmstat we Iostat buýruklary bilen Linux öndürijilik gözegçiligi
Bu, Linux öndürijilik gözegçiliginiň dowam edýän tapgyrydyr, bu makalada Unix ýaly (Linux/Unix/FreeBSD/Solaris) operasiýa ulgamlarynyň hemmesinde bar bolan Vmstat we Iostat buýruklary barada öwrenersiňiz.
vmstat buýrugy (wirtual ýat statistik guraly diýlip hem atlandyrylýar) Linux-daky prosesler, ýat, disk we CPU işjeňligi barada maglumatlary görkezýär, iostat buýrugy bolsa ähli diskler we bölümler üçin CPU ulanylyşyna, ulgam giriş/çykyş statistikasyna gözegçilik etmek üçin ulanylýar.
Linux enjamyňyzda vmstat we iostat buýruklary ýok bolsa, sysstat paketini guruň. Vmstat, sar we iostat buýruklary sysstat - ulgam gözegçilik gurallary bolan bukjanyň ýygyndysydyr.
Sysstat-dan çeşme tarbasyny ulanyp, sysstat-ny göçürip alyp bilersiňiz, emma paket dolandyryjysynyň üsti bilen gurmagy maslahat berýäris.
Linux-da Sysstat guruň
$ sudo apt install sysstat [On Debian, Ubuntu and Mint] $ sudo yum install sysstat [On RHEL/CentOS/Fedora and Rocky Linux/AlmaLinux] $ sudo emerge -a app-admin/sysstat [On Gentoo Linux] $ sudo pacman -S sysstat [On Arch Linux] $ sudo zypper install sysstat [On OpenSUSE]
Linux-da Vmstat buýruk mysallaryny öwreniň
Bu bölümde 6 sany vmstat buýruk mysallary we skrinşotlar bilen ulanylyşy barada öwrenersiňiz.
Aşakdaky mysalda alty sütün bar. Sütünleriň ähmiýeti vmstatyň adam sahypasynda jikme-jik düşündirilýär. Iň möhüm meýdanlar ýat we si astynda, şonuň üçin swap sütüniniň aşagyndadyr.
vmstat -a procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu----- r b swpd free inact active si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 1 0 0 810420 97380 70628 0 0 115 4 89 79 1 6 90 3 0
- Mugt - boş/boş ýat ýerleriniň mukdary.
- si - KiloBaýtdaky diskden her sekuntda çalşylýar.
- şeýlelik bilen - KiloBytes-de her sekuntda disk çalşylýar.
Bellik: “vmstat” -y parametrlersiz işledseňiz, ulgam açylandan bäri gysgaça hasabat görkeziler.
Bu buýruk bilen, vmstat her iki sekuntda ýerine ýetirýär we alty aralyk ýerine ýetirilenden soň awtomatiki saklanýar.
vmstat 2 6 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu----- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 0 0 810420 22064 101368 0 0 56 3 50 57 0 3 95 2 0 0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 16 35 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 14 35 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 17 38 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 17 35 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 18 36 0 1 100 0 0
-t
parametri bilen vmstat buýrugy aşakda görkezilişi ýaly çap edilen her setir bilen wagt belliklerini görkezýär.
[[email ~]$ vmstat -t 1 5 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------ ---timestamp--- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 0 0 632028 24992 192244 0 0 70 5 55 78 1 3 95 1 0 2012-09-02 14:57:18 IST 1 0 0 632028 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 171 514 1 5 94 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:19 IST 1 0 0 631904 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 195 600 0 5 95 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:20 IST 0 0 0 631780 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 156 524 0 5 95 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:21 IST 1 0 0 631656 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 189 592 0 5 95 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:22 IST
-s
wyklýuçateli bilen vmstat buýrugy dürli hadysa hasaplaýjylarynyň we ýat statistikasynyň gysgaça mazmunyny görkezýär.
[[email ~]$ vmstat -s 1030800 total memory 524656 used memory 277784 active memory 185920 inactive memory 506144 free memory 26864 buffer memory 310104 swap cache 2064376 total swap 0 used swap 2064376 free swap 4539 non-nice user cpu ticks 0 nice user cpu ticks 11569 system cpu ticks 329608 idle cpu ticks 5012 IO-wait cpu ticks 79 IRQ cpu ticks 74 softirq cpu ticks 0 stolen cpu ticks 336038 pages paged in 67945 pages paged out 0 pages swapped in 0 pages swapped out 258526 interrupts 392439 CPU context switches 1346574857 boot time 2309 forks
-d
opsiýasy bilen vmstat Linux-yň ähli disk statistikasyny görkezýär.
[[email ~]$ vmstat -d disk- ------------reads------------ ------------writes----------- -----IO------ total merged sectors ms total merged sectors ms cur sec ram0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 loop0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 loop1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 loop2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 loop3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 loop4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 loop5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 loop6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 loop7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sr0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sda 7712 5145 668732 409619 3282 28884 257402 644566 0 126 dm-0 11578 0 659242 1113017 32163 0 257384 8460026 0 126 dm-1 324 0 2592 3845 0 0 0 0 0 2
“Vmstat” adaty ýagdaýda kilobaýtlarda ýat statistikasyny görkezýär, ýöne ýadyň ululygy bilen hasabatlary -S M
argumenti bilen megabaýtda görkezip bilersiňiz. Aşakdaky mysaly gözden geçiriň.
vmstat -S M 1 5 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu----- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 95 8 42 55 0 2 96 2 0 0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 12 15 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 32 62 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 15 13 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 34 61 0 1 99 0 0
Linux-da Iostat buýruk mysallaryny öwreniň
Bu bölümde 6 sany iostat buýruk mysallary we skrinşotlar bilen ulanylyşy barada öwrenersiňiz.
argumentsiz iostat aşakda görkezilişi ýaly ähli bölümleriň CPU we I/O statistikasyny görkezýär.
iostat Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU) avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.12 0.01 1.54 2.08 0.00 96.24 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 3.59 161.02 13.48 1086002 90882 dm-0 5.76 159.71 13.47 1077154 90864 dm-1 0.05 0.38 0.00 2576 0
-c
argumentleri bolan iostat, aşakda görkezilişi ýaly diňe CPU statistikasyny görkezýär.
iostat -c Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU) avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.12 0.01 1.47 1.98 0.00 96.42
-d
argumentleri bolan iostat, ähli bölümleriň görkezilişi ýaly diňe disk I/O statistikasyny görkezýär.
iostat -d Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU) Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 3.35 149.81 12.66 1086002 91746 dm-0 5.37 148.59 12.65 1077154 91728 dm-1 0.04 0.36 0.00 2576 0
Düzgüne görä, -p
bilen ähli bölümleriň statistikasyny görkezýär we enjamyň adynyň argumentleri diňe görkezilişi ýaly belli bir enjam üçin I/O statistiki diskleri görkezýär.
iostat -p sda Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU) avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.11 0.01 1.44 1.92 0.00 96.52 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 3.32 148.52 12.55 1086002 91770 sda1 0.07 0.56 0.00 4120 18 sda2 3.22 147.79 12.55 1080650 91752
-N
(Baş harp) parametri bilen görkezilişi ýaly diňe LVM statistikasy görkezilýär.
iostat -N Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU) avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.11 0.01 1.39 1.85 0.00 96.64 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 3.20 142.84 12.16 1086002 92466 vg_tecmint-lv_root 5.13 141.68 12.16 1077154 92448 vg_tecmint-lv_swap 0.04 0.34 0.00 2576 0
Görkezilişi ýaly iostatyň -V
(Baş harp) parametri bilen.
iostat -V sysstat version 11.7.3 (C) Sebastien Godard (sysstat orange.fr)
“Vmstat” we “iostat” -da jikme-jik düşündirip bolmajak birnäçe sütün we baýdak bar. Bu hakda has giňişleýin bilmek isleseňiz, vmstat we iostat sahypalaryna ýüz tutup bilersiňiz.
# man vmstat # man iostat
Aşakdaky teswir gutusy arkaly bu makalanyň peýdalydygyny görseňiz paýlaşmagyňyzy haýyş edýäris.