Vmstat we Iostat buýruklary bilen Linux öndürijilik gözegçiligi


Bu, Linux öndürijilik gözegçiliginiň dowam edýän tapgyrydyr, bu makalada Unix ýaly (Linux/Unix/FreeBSD/Solaris) operasiýa ulgamlarynyň hemmesinde bar bolan Vmstat we Iostat buýruklary barada öwrenersiňiz.

vmstat buýrugy (wirtual ýat statistik guraly diýlip hem atlandyrylýar) Linux-daky prosesler, ýat, disk we CPU işjeňligi barada maglumatlary görkezýär, iostat buýrugy bolsa ähli diskler we bölümler üçin CPU ulanylyşyna, ulgam giriş/çykyş statistikasyna gözegçilik etmek üçin ulanylýar.

Linux enjamyňyzda vmstat we iostat buýruklary ýok bolsa, sysstat paketini guruň. Vmstat, sar we iostat buýruklary sysstat - ulgam gözegçilik gurallary bolan bukjanyň ýygyndysydyr.

Sysstat-dan çeşme tarbasyny ulanyp, sysstat-ny göçürip alyp bilersiňiz, emma paket dolandyryjysynyň üsti bilen gurmagy maslahat berýäris.

Linux-da Sysstat guruň

$ sudo apt install sysstat         [On Debian, Ubuntu and Mint]
$ sudo yum install sysstat         [On RHEL/CentOS/Fedora and Rocky Linux/AlmaLinux]
$ sudo emerge -a app-admin/sysstat [On Gentoo Linux]
$ sudo pacman -S sysstat           [On Arch Linux]
$ sudo zypper install sysstat      [On OpenSUSE]    

Linux-da Vmstat buýruk mysallaryny öwreniň

Bu bölümde 6 sany vmstat buýruk mysallary we skrinşotlar bilen ulanylyşy barada öwrenersiňiz.

Aşakdaky mysalda alty sütün bar. Sütünleriň ähmiýeti vmstatyň adam sahypasynda jikme-jik düşündirilýär. Iň möhüm meýdanlar ýat we si astynda, şonuň üçin swap sütüniniň aşagyndadyr.

 vmstat -a

procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
 r  b   swpd   free  inact active   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
 1  0      0 810420  97380  70628    0    0   115     4   89   79  1  6 90  3  0

  • Mugt - boş/boş ýat ýerleriniň mukdary.
  • si - KiloBaýtdaky diskden her sekuntda çalşylýar.
  • şeýlelik bilen - KiloBytes-de her sekuntda disk çalşylýar.

Bellik: “vmstat” -y parametrlersiz işledseňiz, ulgam açylandan bäri gysgaça hasabat görkeziler.

Bu buýruk bilen, vmstat her iki sekuntda ýerine ýetirýär we alty aralyk ýerine ýetirilenden soň awtomatiki saklanýar.

 vmstat 2 6

procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
 0  0      0 810420  22064 101368    0    0    56     3   50   57  0  3 95  2  0
 0  0      0 810412  22064 101368    0    0     0     0   16   35  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 810412  22064 101368    0    0     0     0   14   35  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 810412  22064 101368    0    0     0     0   17   38  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 810412  22064 101368    0    0     0     0   17   35  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 810412  22064 101368    0    0     0     0   18   36  0  1 100  0  0

-t parametri bilen vmstat buýrugy aşakda görkezilişi ýaly çap edilen her setir bilen wagt belliklerini görkezýär.

[[email  ~]$ vmstat -t 1 5

procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------ ---timestamp---
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
 0  0      0 632028  24992 192244    0    0    70     5   55   78  1  3 95  1  0        2012-09-02 14:57:18 IST
 1  0      0 632028  24992 192244    0    0     0     0  171  514  1  5 94  0  0        2012-09-02 14:57:19 IST
 1  0      0 631904  24992 192244    0    0     0     0  195  600  0  5 95  0  0        2012-09-02 14:57:20 IST
 0  0      0 631780  24992 192244    0    0     0     0  156  524  0  5 95  0  0        2012-09-02 14:57:21 IST
 1  0      0 631656  24992 192244    0    0     0     0  189  592  0  5 95  0  0        2012-09-02 14:57:22 IST

-s wyklýuçateli bilen vmstat buýrugy dürli hadysa hasaplaýjylarynyň we ýat statistikasynyň gysgaça mazmunyny görkezýär.

[[email  ~]$ vmstat -s

      1030800  total memory
       524656  used memory
       277784  active memory
       185920  inactive memory
       506144  free memory
        26864  buffer memory
       310104  swap cache
      2064376  total swap
            0  used swap
      2064376  free swap
         4539 non-nice user cpu ticks
            0 nice user cpu ticks
        11569 system cpu ticks
       329608 idle cpu ticks
         5012 IO-wait cpu ticks
           79 IRQ cpu ticks
           74 softirq cpu ticks
            0 stolen cpu ticks
       336038 pages paged in
        67945 pages paged out
            0 pages swapped in
            0 pages swapped out
       258526 interrupts
       392439 CPU context switches
   1346574857 boot time
         2309 forks

-d opsiýasy bilen vmstat Linux-yň ähli disk statistikasyny görkezýär.

[[email  ~]$ vmstat -d

disk- ------------reads------------ ------------writes----------- -----IO------
       total merged sectors      ms  total merged sectors      ms    cur    sec
ram0       0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
ram1       0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
ram2       0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
ram3       0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
ram4       0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
ram5       0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
ram6       0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
ram7       0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
ram8       0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
ram9       0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
ram10      0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
ram11      0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
ram12      0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
ram13      0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
ram14      0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
ram15      0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
loop0      0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
loop1      0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
loop2      0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
loop3      0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
loop4      0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
loop5      0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
loop6      0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
loop7      0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
sr0        0      0       0       0      0      0       0       0      0      0
sda     7712   5145  668732  409619   3282  28884  257402  644566      0    126
dm-0   11578      0  659242 1113017  32163      0  257384 8460026      0    126
dm-1     324      0    2592    3845      0      0       0       0      0      2

“Vmstat” adaty ýagdaýda kilobaýtlarda ýat statistikasyny görkezýär, ýöne ýadyň ululygy bilen hasabatlary -S M argumenti bilen megabaýtda görkezip bilersiňiz. Aşakdaky mysaly gözden geçiriň.

 vmstat -S M 1 5

procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
 0  0      0    346     53    476    0    0    95     8   42   55  0  2 96  2  0
 0  0      0    346     53    476    0    0     0     0   12   15  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0    346     53    476    0    0     0     0   32   62  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0    346     53    476    0    0     0     0   15   13  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0    346     53    476    0    0     0     0   34   61  0  1 99  0  0

Linux-da Iostat buýruk mysallaryny öwreniň

Bu bölümde 6 sany iostat buýruk mysallary we skrinşotlar bilen ulanylyşy barada öwrenersiňiz.

argumentsiz iostat aşakda görkezilişi ýaly ähli bölümleriň CPU we I/O statistikasyny görkezýär.

 iostat

Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net)         09/03/2012      _i686_  (1 CPU)

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
           0.12    0.01    1.54    2.08    0.00   96.24

Device:            tps   Blk_read/s   Blk_wrtn/s   Blk_read   Blk_wrtn
sda               3.59       161.02        13.48    1086002      90882
dm-0              5.76       159.71        13.47    1077154      90864
dm-1              0.05         0.38         0.00       2576          0

-c argumentleri bolan iostat, aşakda görkezilişi ýaly diňe CPU statistikasyny görkezýär.

 iostat -c

Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net)         09/03/2012      _i686_  (1 CPU)

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
           0.12    0.01    1.47    1.98    0.00   96.42

-d argumentleri bolan iostat, ähli bölümleriň görkezilişi ýaly diňe disk I/O statistikasyny görkezýär.

 iostat -d

Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net)         09/03/2012      _i686_  (1 CPU)

Device:            tps   Blk_read/s   Blk_wrtn/s   Blk_read   Blk_wrtn
sda               3.35       149.81        12.66    1086002      91746
dm-0              5.37       148.59        12.65    1077154      91728
dm-1              0.04         0.36         0.00       2576          0

Düzgüne görä, -p bilen ähli bölümleriň statistikasyny görkezýär we enjamyň adynyň argumentleri diňe görkezilişi ýaly belli bir enjam üçin I/O statistiki diskleri görkezýär.

 iostat -p sda

Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net)         09/03/2012      _i686_  (1 CPU)

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
           0.11    0.01    1.44    1.92    0.00   96.52

Device:            tps   Blk_read/s   Blk_wrtn/s   Blk_read   Blk_wrtn
sda               3.32       148.52        12.55    1086002      91770
sda1              0.07         0.56         0.00       4120         18
sda2              3.22       147.79        12.55    1080650      91752

-N (Baş harp) parametri bilen görkezilişi ýaly diňe LVM statistikasy görkezilýär.

 iostat -N

Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net)         09/03/2012      _i686_  (1 CPU)

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
           0.11    0.01    1.39    1.85    0.00   96.64

Device:            tps   Blk_read/s   Blk_wrtn/s   Blk_read   Blk_wrtn
sda               3.20       142.84        12.16    1086002      92466
vg_tecmint-lv_root     5.13       141.68        12.16    1077154      92448
vg_tecmint-lv_swap     0.04         0.34         0.00       2576          0

Görkezilişi ýaly iostatyň -V (Baş harp) parametri bilen.

 iostat -V

sysstat version 11.7.3
(C) Sebastien Godard (sysstat  orange.fr)

“Vmstat” we “iostat” -da jikme-jik düşündirip bolmajak birnäçe sütün we baýdak bar. Bu hakda has giňişleýin bilmek isleseňiz, vmstat we iostat sahypalaryna ýüz tutup bilersiňiz.

# man vmstat
# man iostat

Aşakdaky teswir gutusy arkaly bu makalanyň peýdalydygyny görseňiz paýlaşmagyňyzy haýyş edýäris.