Linux-da 10 lsof buýruk mysallary


Bu, Linux buýruklarynyň dowam edýän tapgyrydyr we bu makalada lsof buýrugyny amaly mysallar bilen gözden geçireris. lsof manysy “LiSt açyk faýllar” haýsy faýllaryň haýsy proses bilen açykdygyny bilmek üçin ulanylýar.

Hemmämiziň bilşimiz ýaly Linux/Unix hemme zady faýl (turbalar, rozetkalar, kataloglar, enjamlar we ş.m.) hasaplaýar. Lsof buýrugyny ulanmagyň sebäplerinden biri, faýllaryň ulanylýandygy aýdylyşy ýaly diski aýryp bolmaýar. Bu buýrugyň kömegi bilen ulanylýan faýllary aňsatlyk bilen kesgitläp bileris.

Aşakdaky mysalda, buýruk, PID, USER, FD, TYPE we ş.m. ýaly sütünleri has gowy düşünmek üçin çykarylan açyk faýllaryň uzyn sanawyny görkezer.

# lsof

COMMAND    PID      USER   FD      TYPE     DEVICE  SIZE/OFF       NODE NAME
init         1      root  cwd      DIR      253,0      4096          2 /
init         1      root  rtd      DIR      253,0      4096          2 /
init         1      root  txt      REG      253,0    145180     147164 /sbin/init
init         1      root  mem      REG      253,0   1889704     190149 /lib/libc-2.12.so
init         1      root   0u      CHR        1,3       0t0       3764 /dev/null
init         1      root   1u      CHR        1,3       0t0       3764 /dev/null
init         1      root   2u      CHR        1,3       0t0       3764 /dev/null
init         1      root   3r     FIFO        0,8       0t0       8449 pipe
init         1      root   4w     FIFO       0,8       0t0       8449 pipe
init         1      root   5r      DIR       0,10         0          1 inotify
init         1      root   6r      DIR       0,10         0          1 inotify
init         1      root   7u     unix 0xc1513880       0t0       8450 socket

Bölümler we olaryň gymmatlyklary öz-özünden düşündirilýär. Şeýle-de bolsa, FD & TYPE sütünlerini has takyk gözden geçireris.

FD - Faýl beýan edijisini aňladýar we käbir bahalary görüp biler:

  • cwd häzirki iş katalogy
  • rtd kök katalogy
  • txt programma teksti (kod we maglumatlar)
  • ýat kartasy faýly

Şeýle hem, 1u ýaly FD sütün sanlarynda hakyky faýl suratlandyryjy bolup, re modeiminiň u, r, w aşakdaky ýaly:

    okamak üçin r. ýazmak üçin w. okamak we ýazmak üçin u.

TYPE - faýllaryň we şahsyýeti.

  • DIR - Katalog
  • REG - Adaty faýl
  • CHR - Nyşanlaryň ýörite faýly.
  • FIFO - Ilki bilen ilki

Aşakdaky buýruk ulanyjy tekmintiniň ähli açylan faýllarynyň sanawyny görkezer.

# lsof -u tecmint

COMMAND  PID    USER   FD   TYPE     DEVICE SIZE/OFF   NODE NAME
sshd    1838 tecmint  cwd    DIR      253,0     4096      2 /
sshd    1838 tecmint  rtd    DIR      253,0     4096      2 /
sshd    1838 tecmint  txt    REG      253,0   532336 188129 /usr/sbin/sshd
sshd    1838 tecmint  mem    REG      253,0    19784 190237 /lib/libdl-2.12.so
sshd    1838 tecmint  mem    REG      253,0   122436 190247 /lib/libselinux.so.1
sshd    1838 tecmint  mem    REG      253,0   255968 190256 /lib/libgssapi_krb5.so.2.2
sshd    1838 tecmint  mem    REG      253,0   874580 190255 /lib/libkrb5.so.3.3

Belli bir portuň işleýän Linux amallarynyň hemmesini bilmek üçin -i opsiýasy bilen aşakdaky buýrugy ulanyň. Aşakdaky mysal 22-nji portuň ähli işleýän amallaryny görkezer.

# lsof -i TCP:22

COMMAND  PID    USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd    1471    root    3u  IPv4  12683      0t0  TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd    1471    root    4u  IPv6  12685      0t0  TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)

Aşakdaky mysalda diňe IPv4 we IPv6 tor faýllary aýratyn buýruklar bilen açylýar.

# lsof -i 4

COMMAND    PID    USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
rpcbind   1203     rpc    6u  IPv4  11326      0t0  UDP *:sunrpc
rpcbind   1203     rpc    7u  IPv4  11330      0t0  UDP *:954
rpcbind   1203     rpc    8u  IPv4  11331      0t0  TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN)
avahi-dae 1241   avahi   13u  IPv4  11579      0t0  UDP *:mdns
avahi-dae 1241   avahi   14u  IPv4  11580      0t0  UDP *:58600

# lsof -i 6

COMMAND    PID    USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
rpcbind   1203     rpc    9u  IPv6  11333      0t0  UDP *:sunrpc
rpcbind   1203     rpc   10u  IPv6  11335      0t0  UDP *:954
rpcbind   1203     rpc   11u  IPv6  11336      0t0  TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN)
rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser   10u  IPv6  11858      0t0  UDP *:55800
rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser   11u  IPv6  11862      0t0  TCP *:56428 (LISTEN)
cupsd     1346    root    6u  IPv6  12112      0t0  TCP localhost:ipp (LISTEN)

TCP Portunyň açyk faýllarynyň ähli işleýiş sanawyny görkezmek üçin 1-1024 aralygy bar.

# lsof -i TCP:1-1024

COMMAND  PID    USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
rpcbind 1203     rpc   11u  IPv6  11336      0t0  TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN)
cupsd   1346    root    7u  IPv4  12113      0t0  TCP localhost:ipp (LISTEN)
sshd    1471    root    4u  IPv6  12685      0t0  TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
master  1551    root   13u  IPv6  12898      0t0  TCP localhost:smtp (LISTEN)
sshd    1834    root    3r  IPv4  15101      0t0  TCP 192.168.0.2:ssh->192.168.0.1:conclave-cpp (ESTABLISHED)
sshd    1838 tecmint    3u  IPv4  15101      0t0  TCP 192.168.0.2:ssh->192.168.0.1:conclave-cpp (ESTABLISHED)
sshd    1871    root    3r  IPv4  15842      0t0  TCP 192.168.0.2:ssh->192.168.0.1:groove (ESTABLISHED)
httpd   1918    root    5u  IPv6  15991      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd   1918    root    7u  IPv6  15995      0t0  TCP *:https (LISTEN)

Bu ýerde kök ulanyjyny aýyrdyk. Aboveokarda görkezilişi ýaly buýruk bilen ^ulanyp, belli bir ulanyjyny aýryp bilersiňiz.

# lsof -i -u^root

COMMAND    PID    USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
rpcbind   1203     rpc    6u  IPv4  11326      0t0  UDP *:sunrpc
rpcbind   1203     rpc    7u  IPv4  11330      0t0  UDP *:954
rpcbind   1203     rpc    8u  IPv4  11331      0t0  TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN)
rpcbind   1203     rpc    9u  IPv6  11333      0t0  UDP *:sunrpc
rpcbind   1203     rpc   10u  IPv6  11335      0t0  UDP *:954
rpcbind   1203     rpc   11u  IPv6  11336      0t0  TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN)
avahi-dae 1241   avahi   13u  IPv4  11579      0t0  UDP *:mdns
avahi-dae 1241   avahi   14u  IPv4  11580      0t0  UDP *:58600
rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser    5r  IPv4  11836      0t0  UDP *:soap-beep
rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser    8u  IPv4  11850      0t0  UDP *:55146
rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser    9u  IPv4  11854      0t0  TCP *:32981 (LISTEN)
rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser   10u  IPv6  11858      0t0  UDP *:55800
rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser   11u  IPv6  11862      0t0  TCP *:56428 (LISTEN)

Aşakdaky mysalda ulanyjy tecmint-iň ping we/etc katalogy ýaly buýruklary ulanýandygyny görkezýär.

# lsof -i -u tecmint

COMMAND  PID    USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
bash    1839 tecmint  cwd    DIR  253,0    12288   15 /etc
ping    2525 tecmint  cwd    DIR  253,0    12288   15 /etc

“-I” opsiýasy bilen aşakdaky buýruk, “Diňlemek we gurmak” ulgam baglanyşyklarynyň sanawyny görkezýär.

# lsof -i

COMMAND    PID    USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
rpcbind   1203     rpc    6u  IPv4  11326      0t0  UDP *:sunrpc
rpcbind   1203     rpc    7u  IPv4  11330      0t0  UDP *:954
rpcbind   1203     rpc   11u  IPv6  11336      0t0  TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN)
avahi-dae 1241   avahi   13u  IPv4  11579      0t0  UDP *:mdns
avahi-dae 1241   avahi   14u  IPv4  11580      0t0  UDP *:58600
rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser   11u  IPv6  11862      0t0  TCP *:56428 (LISTEN)
cupsd     1346    root    6u  IPv6  12112      0t0  TCP localhost:ipp (LISTEN)
cupsd     1346    root    7u  IPv4  12113      0t0  TCP localhost:ipp (LISTEN)
sshd      1471    root    3u  IPv4  12683      0t0  TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
master    1551    root   12u  IPv4  12896      0t0  TCP localhost:smtp (LISTEN)
master    1551    root   13u  IPv6  12898      0t0  TCP localhost:smtp (LISTEN)
sshd      1834    root    3r  IPv4  15101      0t0  TCP 192.168.0.2:ssh->192.168.0.1:conclave-cpp (ESTABLISHED)
httpd     1918    root    5u  IPv6  15991      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd     1918    root    7u  IPv6  15995      0t0  TCP *:https (LISTEN)
clock-app 2362   narad   21u  IPv4  22591      0t0  TCP 192.168.0.2:45284->www.gov.com:http (CLOSE_WAIT)
chrome    2377   narad   61u  IPv4  25862      0t0  TCP 192.168.0.2:33358->maa03s04-in-f3.1e100.net:http (ESTABLISHED)
chrome    2377   narad   80u  IPv4  25866      0t0  TCP 192.168.0.2:36405->bom03s01-in-f15.1e100.net:http (ESTABLISHED)

Aşakdaky mysal diňe PID-iň kimdigini görkezýär [Bir].

# lsof -p 1

COMMAND PID USER   FD   TYPE     DEVICE SIZE/OFF   NODE NAME
init      1 root  cwd    DIR      253,0     4096      2 /
init      1 root  rtd    DIR      253,0     4096      2 /
init      1 root  txt    REG      253,0   145180 147164 /sbin/init
init      1 root  mem    REG      253,0  1889704 190149 /lib/libc-2.12.so
init      1 root  mem    REG      253,0   142472 189970 /lib/ld-2.12.so

Käwagt belli bir ulanyjy üçin ähli amallary öldürmeli bolmagyňyz mümkin. Aşakdaky buýruk, tekmint ulanyjynyň ähli amallaryny öldürer.

# kill -9 `lsof -t -u tecmint`

Bellik: Bu ýerde, bar bolan opsiýalara mysal bermek mümkin däl, bu gollanma diňe lsof buýrugyny nädip ulanyp boljakdygyny görkezmek üçin. Bu hakda has giňişleýin maglumat üçin lsof buýrugynyň adam sahypasyna ýüz tutup bilersiňiz. Aşakdaky teswir gutusy arkaly bu makalanyň peýdalydygyny görseňiz paýlaşmagyňyzy haýyş edýäris.