Linux-da 10 lsof buýruk mysallary
Bu, Linux buýruklarynyň dowam edýän tapgyrydyr we bu makalada lsof buýrugyny amaly mysallar bilen gözden geçireris. lsof manysy “LiSt açyk faýllar” haýsy faýllaryň haýsy proses bilen açykdygyny bilmek üçin ulanylýar.
Hemmämiziň bilşimiz ýaly Linux/Unix hemme zady faýl (turbalar, rozetkalar, kataloglar, enjamlar we ş.m.) hasaplaýar. Lsof buýrugyny ulanmagyň sebäplerinden biri, faýllaryň ulanylýandygy aýdylyşy ýaly diski aýryp bolmaýar. Bu buýrugyň kömegi bilen ulanylýan faýllary aňsatlyk bilen kesgitläp bileris.
Aşakdaky mysalda, buýruk, PID, USER, FD, TYPE we ş.m. ýaly sütünleri has gowy düşünmek üçin çykarylan açyk faýllaryň uzyn sanawyny görkezer.
# lsof COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME init 1 root cwd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / init 1 root rtd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / init 1 root txt REG 253,0 145180 147164 /sbin/init init 1 root mem REG 253,0 1889704 190149 /lib/libc-2.12.so init 1 root 0u CHR 1,3 0t0 3764 /dev/null init 1 root 1u CHR 1,3 0t0 3764 /dev/null init 1 root 2u CHR 1,3 0t0 3764 /dev/null init 1 root 3r FIFO 0,8 0t0 8449 pipe init 1 root 4w FIFO 0,8 0t0 8449 pipe init 1 root 5r DIR 0,10 0 1 inotify init 1 root 6r DIR 0,10 0 1 inotify init 1 root 7u unix 0xc1513880 0t0 8450 socket
Bölümler we olaryň gymmatlyklary öz-özünden düşündirilýär. Şeýle-de bolsa, FD & TYPE sütünlerini has takyk gözden geçireris.
FD - Faýl beýan edijisini aňladýar we käbir bahalary görüp biler:
- cwd häzirki iş katalogy
- rtd kök katalogy
- txt programma teksti (kod we maglumatlar)
- ýat kartasy faýly
Şeýle hem, 1u ýaly FD sütün sanlarynda hakyky faýl suratlandyryjy bolup, re modeiminiň u, r, w aşakdaky ýaly:
- okamak üçin r. ýazmak üçin w. okamak we ýazmak üçin u.
TYPE - faýllaryň we şahsyýeti.
- DIR - Katalog
- REG - Adaty faýl
- CHR - Nyşanlaryň ýörite faýly.
- FIFO - Ilki bilen ilki
Aşakdaky buýruk ulanyjy tekmintiniň ähli açylan faýllarynyň sanawyny görkezer.
# lsof -u tecmint COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME sshd 1838 tecmint cwd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / sshd 1838 tecmint rtd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / sshd 1838 tecmint txt REG 253,0 532336 188129 /usr/sbin/sshd sshd 1838 tecmint mem REG 253,0 19784 190237 /lib/libdl-2.12.so sshd 1838 tecmint mem REG 253,0 122436 190247 /lib/libselinux.so.1 sshd 1838 tecmint mem REG 253,0 255968 190256 /lib/libgssapi_krb5.so.2.2 sshd 1838 tecmint mem REG 253,0 874580 190255 /lib/libkrb5.so.3.3
Belli bir portuň işleýän Linux amallarynyň hemmesini bilmek üçin -i opsiýasy bilen aşakdaky buýrugy ulanyň. Aşakdaky mysal 22-nji portuň ähli işleýän amallaryny görkezer.
# lsof -i TCP:22 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME sshd 1471 root 3u IPv4 12683 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN) sshd 1471 root 4u IPv6 12685 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
Aşakdaky mysalda diňe IPv4 we IPv6 tor faýllary aýratyn buýruklar bilen açylýar.
# lsof -i 4 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME rpcbind 1203 rpc 6u IPv4 11326 0t0 UDP *:sunrpc rpcbind 1203 rpc 7u IPv4 11330 0t0 UDP *:954 rpcbind 1203 rpc 8u IPv4 11331 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) avahi-dae 1241 avahi 13u IPv4 11579 0t0 UDP *:mdns avahi-dae 1241 avahi 14u IPv4 11580 0t0 UDP *:58600 # lsof -i 6 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME rpcbind 1203 rpc 9u IPv6 11333 0t0 UDP *:sunrpc rpcbind 1203 rpc 10u IPv6 11335 0t0 UDP *:954 rpcbind 1203 rpc 11u IPv6 11336 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 10u IPv6 11858 0t0 UDP *:55800 rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 11u IPv6 11862 0t0 TCP *:56428 (LISTEN) cupsd 1346 root 6u IPv6 12112 0t0 TCP localhost:ipp (LISTEN)
TCP Portunyň açyk faýllarynyň ähli işleýiş sanawyny görkezmek üçin 1-1024 aralygy bar.
# lsof -i TCP:1-1024 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME rpcbind 1203 rpc 11u IPv6 11336 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) cupsd 1346 root 7u IPv4 12113 0t0 TCP localhost:ipp (LISTEN) sshd 1471 root 4u IPv6 12685 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN) master 1551 root 13u IPv6 12898 0t0 TCP localhost:smtp (LISTEN) sshd 1834 root 3r IPv4 15101 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:ssh->192.168.0.1:conclave-cpp (ESTABLISHED) sshd 1838 tecmint 3u IPv4 15101 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:ssh->192.168.0.1:conclave-cpp (ESTABLISHED) sshd 1871 root 3r IPv4 15842 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:ssh->192.168.0.1:groove (ESTABLISHED) httpd 1918 root 5u IPv6 15991 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN) httpd 1918 root 7u IPv6 15995 0t0 TCP *:https (LISTEN)
Bu ýerde kök ulanyjyny aýyrdyk. Aboveokarda görkezilişi ýaly buýruk bilen ^ulanyp, belli bir ulanyjyny aýryp bilersiňiz.
# lsof -i -u^root COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME rpcbind 1203 rpc 6u IPv4 11326 0t0 UDP *:sunrpc rpcbind 1203 rpc 7u IPv4 11330 0t0 UDP *:954 rpcbind 1203 rpc 8u IPv4 11331 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) rpcbind 1203 rpc 9u IPv6 11333 0t0 UDP *:sunrpc rpcbind 1203 rpc 10u IPv6 11335 0t0 UDP *:954 rpcbind 1203 rpc 11u IPv6 11336 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) avahi-dae 1241 avahi 13u IPv4 11579 0t0 UDP *:mdns avahi-dae 1241 avahi 14u IPv4 11580 0t0 UDP *:58600 rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 5r IPv4 11836 0t0 UDP *:soap-beep rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 8u IPv4 11850 0t0 UDP *:55146 rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 9u IPv4 11854 0t0 TCP *:32981 (LISTEN) rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 10u IPv6 11858 0t0 UDP *:55800 rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 11u IPv6 11862 0t0 TCP *:56428 (LISTEN)
Aşakdaky mysalda ulanyjy tecmint-iň ping we/etc katalogy ýaly buýruklary ulanýandygyny görkezýär.
# lsof -i -u tecmint COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME bash 1839 tecmint cwd DIR 253,0 12288 15 /etc ping 2525 tecmint cwd DIR 253,0 12288 15 /etc
“-I” opsiýasy bilen aşakdaky buýruk, “Diňlemek we gurmak” ulgam baglanyşyklarynyň sanawyny görkezýär.
# lsof -i COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME rpcbind 1203 rpc 6u IPv4 11326 0t0 UDP *:sunrpc rpcbind 1203 rpc 7u IPv4 11330 0t0 UDP *:954 rpcbind 1203 rpc 11u IPv6 11336 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) avahi-dae 1241 avahi 13u IPv4 11579 0t0 UDP *:mdns avahi-dae 1241 avahi 14u IPv4 11580 0t0 UDP *:58600 rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 11u IPv6 11862 0t0 TCP *:56428 (LISTEN) cupsd 1346 root 6u IPv6 12112 0t0 TCP localhost:ipp (LISTEN) cupsd 1346 root 7u IPv4 12113 0t0 TCP localhost:ipp (LISTEN) sshd 1471 root 3u IPv4 12683 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN) master 1551 root 12u IPv4 12896 0t0 TCP localhost:smtp (LISTEN) master 1551 root 13u IPv6 12898 0t0 TCP localhost:smtp (LISTEN) sshd 1834 root 3r IPv4 15101 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:ssh->192.168.0.1:conclave-cpp (ESTABLISHED) httpd 1918 root 5u IPv6 15991 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN) httpd 1918 root 7u IPv6 15995 0t0 TCP *:https (LISTEN) clock-app 2362 narad 21u IPv4 22591 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:45284->www.gov.com:http (CLOSE_WAIT) chrome 2377 narad 61u IPv4 25862 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:33358->maa03s04-in-f3.1e100.net:http (ESTABLISHED) chrome 2377 narad 80u IPv4 25866 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:36405->bom03s01-in-f15.1e100.net:http (ESTABLISHED)
Aşakdaky mysal diňe PID-iň kimdigini görkezýär [Bir].
# lsof -p 1 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME init 1 root cwd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / init 1 root rtd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / init 1 root txt REG 253,0 145180 147164 /sbin/init init 1 root mem REG 253,0 1889704 190149 /lib/libc-2.12.so init 1 root mem REG 253,0 142472 189970 /lib/ld-2.12.so
Käwagt belli bir ulanyjy üçin ähli amallary öldürmeli bolmagyňyz mümkin. Aşakdaky buýruk, tekmint ulanyjynyň ähli amallaryny öldürer.
# kill -9 `lsof -t -u tecmint`
Bellik: Bu ýerde, bar bolan opsiýalara mysal bermek mümkin däl, bu gollanma diňe lsof buýrugyny nädip ulanyp boljakdygyny görkezmek üçin. Bu hakda has giňişleýin maglumat üçin lsof buýrugynyň adam sahypasyna ýüz tutup bilersiňiz. Aşakdaky teswir gutusy arkaly bu makalanyň peýdalydygyny görseňiz paýlaşmagyňyzy haýyş edýäris.