DNS talap etmek üçin 10 Dig (Domain Information Groper) buýruklary
Öňki makalamyzda DNS (Domain Name System) soramak we maglumat almak üçin ulanylýan set buýruk setiri guralyny düşündiripdik.
Ynha, bu makalada Linux nslookup guralyna gaty meňzeýän dig atly başga bir buýruk setiri guralyny tapýarys. Gazmak buýrugynyň ulanylyşyny mysallary we ulanylyşy bilen ýakyndan göreris.
[Şeýle hem halap bilersiňiz: Linux-da dig we nslookup buýruklaryny nädip gurmaly we ulanmaly]
Dig (Domain Information Groper), Domain Name System (DNS) at serwerlerini soramak üçin tor dolandyryş dolandyryş buýruk guralydyr.
DNS meselelerini barlamak we näsazlyklary düzetmek, şeýle hem DNS gözleglerini geçirmek we soralan at serwerinden gaýtarylan jogaplary görkezmek üçin peýdalydyr.
Dig, BIND domen ady serwer programma üpjünçiligi toplumynyň bir bölegidir. dig buýrugy nslookup we host ýaly köne gurallaryň ýerini alýar. gazmak guraly esasy Linux paýlaýjylarynda elýeterlidir.
# dig yahoo.com ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 20076 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 6, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;yahoo.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: yahoo.com. 387 IN A 98.137.11.163 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 74.6.143.26 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 74.6.143.25 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 74.6.231.20 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 74.6.231.21 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 98.137.11.164 ;; Query time: 4 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 12:58:13 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 134
Aboveokardaky buýruk, yahoo.com domen ady üçin \A\ ýazgysyny gözlemäge sebäp bolýar. Dig buýrugy /etc/resolv.conf faýlyny okaýar we şol ýerde görkezilen DNS serwerlerini soraýar. DNS serwerinden gelen jogap, gazuwyň görkezýän zady.
Buýruklaryň çykyşyna düşüneliň:
-
;bilen başlanýan setirler maglumatlaryň bir bölegi däl. - Birinji setir bize dig (9.16.1) buýrugynyň wersiýasyny aýdýar.
- Soňra, DNS serwerinden alnan jogap sözbaşysyny görkezýär.
- Indiki, ýahoo.com-yň
\A\ýazgysy üçin talap bolan soragy bize berýän sorag bölümi gelýär.INmunuň internet gözlegidigini (internet synpynda) aňladýar. - Jogap bölümi, yahoo.com-nyň IP adresiniň 98.137.11.163 bardygyny aýdýar.
- Iň soňunda, talap hakda käbir statistika bar. Bu statistikalary
+ nostatsopsiýasyny ulanyp öçürip bilersiňiz.
Düzgüne görä, gazmak gaty manyly. Çykaryşy azaltmagyň bir usuly, + gysga opsiýasyny ulanmakdyr. aşakda görkezilişi ýaly çykyşy düýpgöter keser.
# dig yahoo.com +short 98.137.11.164 74.6.231.21 74.6.231.20 74.6.143.25 74.6.143.26 98.137.11.163
Bellik: Dymmaklyk bilen, görkezilen domeniň \A\ ýazgysyny gözleýär, ýöne beýleki ýazgylary hem görkezip bilersiňiz. MX ýa-da Mail eXchange ýazgysy poçta serwerlerine domen üçin e-poçta ugrukdyrylyşyny aýdýar. Edil şonuň ýaly TTL, SOA we ş.m.
Diňe dürli DNS çeşme ýazgylaryny soramak.
# dig yahoo.com MX ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com MX ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 60630 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;yahoo.com. IN MX ;; ANSWER SECTION: yahoo.com. 51 IN MX 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 51 IN MX 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 51 IN MX 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net. ;; Query time: 4 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 13:03:32 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 117
# dig yahoo.com SOA ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com SOA ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 25140 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;yahoo.com. IN SOA ;; ANSWER SECTION: yahoo.com. 1800 IN SOA ns1.yahoo.com. hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com. 2021121001 3600 300 1814400 600 ;; Query time: 128 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 13:04:08 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 99
# dig yahoo.com TTL ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com TTL ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 64017 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 6, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;yahoo.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 74.6.143.25 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 74.6.231.21 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 74.6.143.26 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 98.137.11.164 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 98.137.11.163 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 74.6.231.20 ;; Query time: 4 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 13:04:58 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 134 ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: SERVFAIL, id: 27889 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;TTL. IN A ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 13:04:58 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 32
# dig yahoo.com +nocomments +noquestion +noauthority +noadditional +nostats ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com +nocomments +noquestion +noauthority +noadditional +nostats ;; global options: +cmd yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 74.6.231.20 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 98.137.11.163 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 98.137.11.164 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 74.6.143.26 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 74.6.231.21 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 74.6.143.25
# dig yahoo.com ANY +noall +answer ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6 <<>> yahoo.com ANY +noall +answer ;; global options: +cmd yahoo.com. 3509 IN A 72.30.38.140 yahoo.com. 3509 IN A 98.138.253.109 yahoo.com. 3509 IN A 98.139.183.24 yahoo.com. 1709 IN MX 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 1709 IN MX 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 1709 IN MX 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns2.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns8.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns3.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns1.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns4.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns5.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns6.yahoo.com.
DNS tersine gözlemek. Diňe + gysga ulanyp jogap bölümini görkeziň.
# dig -x 72.30.38.140 +short ir1.fp.vip.sp2.yahoo.com.
Birnäçe web sahypasynyň DNS talaplaryny gözläň. MX, NS we ş.m. ýazgylar.
# dig yahoo.com mx +noall +answer redhat.com ns +noall +answer ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6 <<>> yahoo.com mx +noall +answer redhat.com ns +noall +answer ;; global options: +cmd yahoo.com. 1740 IN MX 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 1740 IN MX 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 1740 IN MX 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net. redhat.com. 132 IN NS ns1.redhat.com. redhat.com. 132 IN NS ns4.redhat.com. redhat.com. 132 IN NS ns3.redhat.com. redhat.com. 132 IN NS ns2.redhat.com.
Adaty gazuw opsiýalaryny saklamak üçin $HOME/.digrc astynda .digrc faýly dörediň.
# dig yahoo.com yahoo.com. 3427 IN A 72.30.38.140 yahoo.com. 3427 IN A 98.138.253.109 yahoo.com. 3427 IN A 98.139.183.24
Ulanyjynyň öý bukjasynyň aşagyndaky .digrc faýlynda hemişelik + noall + jogap opsiýalary bar. Indi, haçan-da gazmak buýrugy ýerine ýetirilende, gazuw çykyşynyň diňe jogap bölümini görkezer. Her gezek + noall + jogap ýaly opsiýalary ýazmagyň zerurlygy ýok.
Bu makalada, (DNS) Domen ady hyzmaty bilen baglanyşykly maglumatlary gözlemäge kömek edip biljek gazuw buýrugyny tapmaga synanyşdyk. Pikirleriňizi düşündiriş gutusy arkaly paýlaşyň.