Linux tor dolandyryşy üçin 20 Netstat buýrugy
netstat (tor statistikasy) gelýän we çykýan, şeýle hem marşrut tablisalaryny, interfeýs statistikasyny we ş.m. görmek üçin tor birikmelerine gözegçilik etmek üçin buýruk setiridir.
[Şeýle hem halamagyňyz mümkin: Sysadmin üçin 22 Linux Networking Commands]
netstat Unix ýaly operasiýa ulgamlarynyň hemmesinde elýeterlidir we Windows OS-da hem bar. Tor näsazlyklaryny düzetmek we öndürijiligi ölçemek nukdaýnazaryndan gaty peýdaly.
netstat, portlarda diňlemegiňizi aýdyp, iň esasy ulgam hyzmatyny düzetmek gurallaryndan biridir.
Netstat guraly, Linux ulgam dolandyryjylary, şeýle hem ulgam dolandyryjylary üçin tor bilen baglanyşykly meselelere gözegçilik etmek we çözmek we tor trafiginiň işleýşini kesgitlemek üçin örän möhümdir we örän peýdalydyr.
Bu makala, gündelik işde peýdaly bolup biljek mysallary bilen netstat buýrugynyň ulanylyşyny görkezýär.
[Şeýle hem halap bilersiňiz: Linux Find Command-yň 35 amaly mysaly]
Netstat -a opsiýasyny ulanyp, ähli portlary (TCP we UDP) sanawlamak.
# netstat -a | more Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN tcp 0 52 192.168.0.2:ssh 192.168.0.1:egs ESTABLISHED tcp 1 0 192.168.0.2:59292 www.gov.com:http CLOSE_WAIT tcp 0 0 localhost:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:59482 *:* LISTEN udp 0 0 *:35036 *:* udp 0 0 *:npmp-local *:* Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 16972 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-76b-0-6fa08790553d6 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 17149 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-794-0-7058d584166d2 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 17161 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-792-0-546fe905321cc unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 15938 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-74b-0-415135cb6aeab
Netstat -at ulanyp diňe TCP (Geçiriş Dolandyryş Protokoly) port birikmelerini görkezmek.
# netstat -at Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 52 192.168.0.2:ssh 192.168.0.1:egs ESTABLISHED tcp 1 0 192.168.0.2:59292 www.gov.com:http CLOSE_WAIT
Netstat -au ulanyp, diňe UDP (Ulanyjy Datagram Protokoly) port birikmelerini görkezmek.
# netstat -au Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State udp 0 0 *:35036 *:* udp 0 0 *:npmp-local *:* udp 0 0 *:mdns *:*
Netstat -l bilen ähli işjeň diňleýiş portlarynyň baglanyşyklaryny sanawlamak.
# netstat -l Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:58642 *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN udp 0 0 *:35036 *:* udp 0 0 *:npmp-local *:* Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 16972 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-76b-0-6fa08790553d6 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 17149 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-794-0-7058d584166d2 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 17161 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-792-0-546fe905321cc unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 15938 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-74b-0-415135cb6aeab
Netstat -lt opsiýasyny ulanyp, ähli işjeň diňleýän TCP portlaryny sanawlamak.
# netstat -lt Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 *:dctp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:mysql *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:munin *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ftp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost.localdomain:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost.localdomain:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:http *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:https *:* LISTEN
Netstat -lu opsiýasyny ulanyp, ähli işjeň diňleýän UDP portlaryny sanawlamak.
# netstat -lu Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State udp 0 0 *:39578 *:* udp 0 0 *:meregister *:* udp 0 0 *:vpps-qua *:* udp 0 0 *:openvpn *:* udp 0 0 *:mdns *:* udp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* udp 0 0 *:ipp *:* udp 0 0 *:60222 *:* udp 0 0 *:mdns *:*
Netstat -lx ulanyp, ähli işjeň UNIX diňleýiş portlaryny sanawlamak.
# netstat -lx Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 4171 @ISCSIADM_ABSTRACT_NAMESPACE unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 5767 /var/run/cups/cups.sock unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 7082 @/tmp/fam-root- unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6157 /dev/gpmctl unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6215 @/var/run/hald/dbus-IcefTIUkHm unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6038 /tmp/.font-unix/fs7100 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6175 /var/run/avahi-daemon/socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 4157 @ISCSID_UIP_ABSTRACT_NAMESPACE unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 60835836 /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 4645 /var/run/audispd_events unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 5136 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6216 @/var/run/hald/dbus-wsUBI30V2I unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 5517 /var/run/acpid.socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 5531 /var/run/pcscd.comm
Statistika protokol boýunça görkezilýär. Düzgüne görä, TCP, UDP, ICMP we IP protokollary üçin statistika görkezilýär. -S parametri protokollaryň toplumyny kesgitlemek üçin ulanylyp bilner.
# netstat -s Ip: 2461 total packets received 0 forwarded 0 incoming packets discarded 2431 incoming packets delivered 2049 requests sent out Icmp: 0 ICMP messages received 0 input ICMP message failed. ICMP input histogram: 1 ICMP messages sent 0 ICMP messages failed ICMP output histogram: destination unreachable: 1 Tcp: 159 active connections openings 1 passive connection openings 4 failed connection attempts 0 connection resets received 1 connections established 2191 segments received 1745 segments send out 24 segments retransmited 0 bad segments received. 4 resets sent Udp: 243 packets received 1 packets to unknown port received. 0 packet receive errors 281 packets sent
Netstat -st opsiýasyny ulanyp diňe TCP protokolynyň statistikasyny görkezmek.
# netstat -st Tcp: 2805201 active connections openings 1597466 passive connection openings 1522484 failed connection attempts 37806 connection resets received 1 connections established 57718706 segments received 64280042 segments send out 3135688 segments retransmited 74 bad segments received. 17580 resets sent
# netstat -su Udp: 1774823 packets received 901848 packets to unknown port received. 0 packet receive errors 2968722 packets sent
Netstat -tp opsiýasyny ulanyp, hyzmatyň adyny PID belgisi bilen görkezmek “PID/Programma ady” görkeziler.
# netstat -tp Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 192.168.0.2:ssh 192.168.0.1:egs ESTABLISHED 2179/sshd tcp 1 0 192.168.0.2:59292 www.gov.com:http CLOSE_WAIT 1939/clock-applet
-Ak wyklýuçateli bilen tertipsiz tertibi görkezmek, netstat saýlanan maglumatlary çap ediň ýa-da her bäş sekuntda ekrany täzeläň. Adaty ekran her sekuntda täzelenýär.
# netstat -ac 5 | grep tcp tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:58642 *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp 1 0 192.168.0.2:59447 www.gov.com:http CLOSE_WAIT tcp 0 52 192.168.0.2:ssh 192.168.0.1:egs ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:59482 *:* LISTEN
Netstat we marşrut buýrugy bilen ýadro IP marşrut tablisasyny görkeziň.
# netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 192.168.0.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 default 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
MTU ululygyndaky paketleri geçirmek we almak ýaly tor interfeýs paket amallaryny görkezmek.
# netstat -i Kernel Interface table Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg eth0 1500 0 4459 0 0 0 4057 0 0 0 BMRU lo 16436 0 8 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 LRU
Ifconfig buýrugyna meňzeş ýadro interfeýs tablisasyny görkezmek.
# netstat -ie Kernel Interface table eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:B4:DA:21 inet addr:192.168.0.2 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:feb4:da21/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:4486 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4077 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:2720253 (2.5 MiB) TX bytes:1161745 (1.1 MiB) Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:480 (480.0 b) TX bytes:480 (480.0 b)
IPv4 we IPv6 üçin köp toparly agzalyk maglumatyny görkezýär.
# netstat -g IPv6/IPv4 Group Memberships Interface RefCnt Group --------------- ------ --------------------- lo 1 all-systems.mcast.net eth0 1 224.0.0.251 eth0 1 all-systems.mcast.net lo 1 ff02::1 eth0 1 ff02::202 eth0 1 ff02::1:ffb4:da21 eth0 1 ff02::1
Netstat maglumatyny birnäçe sekuntda almak üçin aşakdaky buýrugy ulanyň, netstat maglumatyny yzygiderli çap eder, birnäçe sekuntda aýdyň.
# netstat -c Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg007.shr.prod.s:36944 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg010.shr.prod.s:42110 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 132 linux-console.net:ssh 115.113.134.3.static-:64662 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http crawl-66-249-71-240.g:41166 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 localhost.localdomain:54823 localhost.localdomain:smtp TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 localhost.localdomain:54822 localhost.localdomain:smtp TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg010.shr.prod.s:42091 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg007.shr.prod.s:36998 TIME_WAIT
Käbir peýdaly maglumatlary bolan konfigurasiýa edilmedik salgy maşgalalaryny tapmak.
# netstat --verbose netstat: no support for `AF IPX' on this system. netstat: no support for `AF AX25' on this system. netstat: no support for `AF X25' on this system. netstat: no support for `AF NETROM' on this system.
Portda näçe diňleýiş programmasynyň işleýändigini biliň.
# netstat -ap | grep http tcp 0 0 *:http *:* LISTEN 9056/httpd tcp 0 0 *:https *:* LISTEN 9056/httpd tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg008.shr.prod.s:35248 TIME_WAIT - tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg007.shr.prod.s:57783 TIME_WAIT - tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg007.shr.prod.s:57769 TIME_WAIT - tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg008.shr.prod.s:35270 TIME_WAIT - tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg009.shr.prod.s:41637 TIME_WAIT - tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg009.shr.prod.s:41614 TIME_WAIT - unix 2 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 88586726 10394/httpd
# netstat --statistics --raw Ip: 62175683 total packets received 52970 with invalid addresses 0 forwarded Icmp: 875519 ICMP messages received destination unreachable: 901671 echo request: 8 echo replies: 16253 IcmpMsg: InType0: 83 IpExt: InMcastPkts: 117
Netstat buýrugy barada has giňişleýin maglumat we wariant gözleýän bolsaňyz, netstat gollanma resminamalaryna serediň ýa-da ähli maglumatlary bilmek üçin man netstat buýrugyny ulanyň.
Sanawdaky bir zady ýitiren bolsak, aşakdaky teswirler bölümimizi ulanyp bize habar bermegiňizi haýyş edýäris. Şeýlelik bilen, teswirleriňize esaslanyp bu sanawy täzeläp bileris.