Sene buýrugyny ulanyp, Başda Sene we Wagt bilen nädip işlemeli

Sene buýrugy ulgamyň senesini we wagtyny kesgitlemäge ýa-da görkezmäge mümkinçilik berýän daşarky baş programma. Şeýle hem, birnäçe formatirleme wariantlaryny üpjün edýär. Sene buýrugy, ähli Linux distro-da gurnalan.

$ which date
$ type -a date

Häzirki senäni we wagty görkezjek terminalda sene buýrugyny ýazyň.

$ date

Sene buýrugyny, ulgam senesini, wagty we wagt guşagyny ulanyp üýtgedip bolýar we üýtgetme enjam sagady bilen sinhronlanmaly.

$ date --set="Thu Nov 12 13:06:59 IST 2020"
$ hwclock --systohc

Format görnüşleriniň sanawyny almak üçin gowy ýer adam sahypasy bolar.

$ man date

Geliň, ulanjak iň köp ýaýran formatlamalarymyzy göreliň.

Formatirlemek üçin “+, soň bolsa“ formatlaýjy ”ulanyň.
GNU\LINUX üçin formatirleme opsiýalarynyň sanawyny almak üçin baglanyşdyrylan adam sahypasyna göz aýlaň.
BSD üçin formatirleme wariantlarynyň sanawyny almak üçin baglanyşdyrylan adam sahypasyna göz aýlaň.

Sene buýrugynyň iki möhüm bölegi Format +% we –date opsiýasyny ulanýar.

Indi sene buýrugynda käbir formatlamalary ulanalyň. Formatirlemek üçin, mysallarda görkezilişi ýaly (+) goşmaça belgisini goşuň.

Geliň, “date.sh” atly ýönekeý gabyk skriptinde sene bilen baglanyşykly formatatorlary nädip ulanmalydygyna göz aýlalyň.

# PRINT YEAR,MONTH,DAY AND DATE...

echo "We are in the year = $(date +%Y)"
echo "We are in the year = $(date +%y)"

# Difference between %Y and %y is %Y will print 4 digits while %y will print the last 2 digits of the year.

echo "We are in the month = $(date +%m)"
echo "We are in the month = $(date +%b)"
echo "We are in the month = $(date +%B)"

# Difference between %B and %b is, %B will print full month name while %b will print abbreviated month name.

echo "Current Day of the month = $(date +%d)"

echo "Current Day of the week = $(date +%A)"
echo "Current Day of the week = $(date +%a)"

# Difference between %A and %a is, %A will print full Weekday name while %a will print abbreviated weekday name.

# Instead of formatting to get the date, we can use %D which will print the date as %m/%d/%y or %F which prints in %Y-%M-%d format.

echo "Date using %D = $(date +%D)"
echo "Date using %F = $(date +%F)"

“Time.sh” atly ýönekeý gabyk skriptinde wagt bilen baglanyşykly formatatorlary nädip ulanmalydygyna göz aýlalyň.

# PRINT HOURS, MINS, SECONDS, NANO SECONDS

echo Hours = $(date +%H)
echo Minutes = $(date +%M)
echo Seconds = $(date +%S)
echo Nanoseconds = $(date +%N)
echo Epoch Time = $(date +%s)

echo "current time = $(date +%H:%M:%S:%N)"

# can also use %T which displays Time in HH:MM:SS format.

echo "current time in 24 hour format = $(date +%T)"

# can also use %r to display time in 12 hour format.

echo "current time in 12 hour format = $(date +%r)"

- senesi ýa-da -d baýdak girişini setir we sene buýrugy akylly dolandyrmagy bilýänligi sebäpli geçip bolýar.

Onuň nähili işleýändigine düşünmek üçin käbir mysallary göreliň.

# Print yesterday's date and time.
echo "Yesterday = $(date -d "Yesterday")"

# Print Tomorrow date and time.
echo "tomorrow = $(date -d "tomorrow")"

# Find what is the date and time before 10 days from now.
echo "Before 10 days = $(date -d "tomorrow -10 days")"

# Find last month and next month
echo "Last month = $(date -d "last month" "%B")"
echo "Next month = $(date -d "next month" "%B")"

# Find last year and next year
echo "Last Year = $(date -d "last year" "+%Y")"
echo "Next Year = $(date -d "next year" "+%Y")"

# Forecast the weekday
echo "2 days away from today and it comes on weekdays? = $(date -d "Today +2 days" "+%A")

berlen 2 senäniň arasynda gün sanyny hasaplaň.

$ echo $(( ( $(date -d "2020-11-10" "+%s") - $(date -d "2020-11-01" "+%s") ) / 86400))

Berlen ýyly bökmek ýylydygyny ýa-da ýokdugyny tapyň.

$ for y in {2000..2020}; do date -d $y-02-29 &>/dev/null && echo $y is leap year; done

Sene buýrugynyň çykyşyny üýtgeýjä bellemek.

$ TODAY=$(date +%Y-%m-%d)
OR
$ TODAY1=$(date +%F)
$ echo $TODAY 
$ echo $TODAY1

Faýlyň adyna goşulan senesi bilen gündelik faýllary dörediň.

Logurnal faýllaryny, ätiýaçlyk nusgalaryny ýa-da tekst faýllaryny döredeniňizde senäni we wagty goşmak, köplenç duş gelýän umumy amaldyr. Mysal alalyň, ätiýaçlyk nusgasyny almak üçin gabyk skriptini döretdik.

Bu skript 00: 00-dan 23: 59-a çenli ätiýaçlyk nusgasyny alar we ertesi günüň 00: 00-da her gün işlemeli. Düýnki sene formaty bilen gündelik faýllary döretmek isleýäris.

CUSTOM_FORMAT=$(date --date "Yesterday" "+%d-%y-%H:%M")
LOG_FILE=/var/log/custom_application/application_${CUSTOM_FORMAT}.log
echo "Script started" >>  ${LOG_FILE}
...
CODE BLOCKS
...
echo "Script completed" >> ${LOG_FILE}

Bu makala üçin. Bu makalada Linux-da baş senesini we wagtyny nädip ulanmalydygyny gördük. Pikirleriňizi bize habar beriň.