Iň köp ulanylýan 10 Nginx buýrugy Her Linux ulanyjy bilmeli
Nginx (dwigateli x diýilýär) erkin, açyk çeşme, ýokary öndürijilikli, ulalýan, ygtybarly, doly aýratynlykly we meşhur HTTP we ters proksi serweri, poçta proksi serweri we umumy TCP/UDP proksi serweri.
Nginx ýönekeý konfigurasiýasy we ýokary öndürijiligi sebäpli az sarp edilmegi bilen tanalýar, GitHub, SoundCloud, Dropbox, Netflix, WordPress we başgalar ýaly internetdäki birnäçe köp traffikli saýtlary güýçlendirmek üçin ulanylýar.
Bu gollanmada, iň köp ulanylýan Nginx hyzmat dolandyryş buýruklaryny düşündireris, dörediji ýa-da ulgam dolandyryjysy hökmünde öz eliňizde saklamaly. Systemd we SysVinit üçin buýruklary görkezeris.
Nginx meşhur buýruklaryň aşakdaky sanawlarynyň hemmesi kök ýa-da sudo ulanyjy hökmünde ýerine ýetirilmelidir we CentOS, RHEL, Debian, Ubuntu we Fedora ýaly häzirki zaman Linux paýlanyşynyň üstünde işlemeli.
Nginx Serwerini guruň
Nginx web serwerini gurmak üçin, görkezilişi ýaly deslapky paýlama bukjasynyň dolandyryjysyny ulanyň.
$ sudo yum install epel-release && yum install nginx [On CentOS/RHEL] $ sudo dnf install nginx [On Fedora] $ sudo apt install nginx [On Debian/Ubuntu]
Nginx wersiýasyny barlaň
Linux ulgamyňyzda gurlan Nginx web serweriniň wersiýasyny barlamak üçin aşakdaky buýrugy işlediň.
$ nginx -v nginx version: nginx/1.12.2
Aboveokardaky buýruk diňe wersiýa belgisini görkezýär. Wersiýany görmek we opsiýalary düzmek isleseňiz, görkezilişi ýaly -V baýdagyny ulanyň.
$ nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.12.2 built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC) built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017 TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/share/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/fastcgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/scgi --pid-path=/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/run/lock/subsys/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-file-aio --with-ipv6 --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic --with-http_geoip_module=dynamic --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_perl_module=dynamic --with-mail=dynamic --with-mail_ssl_module --with-pcre --with-pcre-jit --with-stream=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_module --with-google_perftools_module --with-debug --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -m64 -mtune=generic' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld -Wl,-E'
Nginx konfigurasiýa sintaksisini barlaň
Aslynda Nginx hyzmatyny başlamazdan ozal, konfigurasiýa sintaksisiniň dogrudygyny barlap bilersiňiz. Bar bolan konfigurasiýa gurluşyna üýtgeşmeler girizen ýa-da täze konfigurasiýa goşan bolsaňyz, bu has peýdalydyr.
Nginx konfigurasiýasyny barlamak üçin aşakdaky buýrugy işlediň.
$ sudo nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Nginx konfigurasiýasyny synap bilersiňiz, taşlap we görkezilişi ýaly -T baýdagyny ulanyp çykyp bilersiňiz.
$ sudo nginx -T
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
# configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
# for more information.
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name _;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
....
Nginx hyzmatyny başlaň
Nginx hyzmatyny başlamak üçin aşakdaky buýrugy işlediň. Konfigurasiýa sintaksisi gowy bolmasa, bu amalyň şowsuz bolup biljekdigine üns beriň.
$ sudo systemctl start nginx #systemd OR $ sudo service nginx start #sysvinit
Nginx hyzmatyny açyň
Öňki buýruk diňe şol wagt hyzmaty başlaýar, ýükleme wagtynda awtomatiki başlamagy üçin aşakdaky buýrugy işlediň.
$ sudo systemctl enable nginx #systemd OR $ sudo service nginx enable #sysv init
Nginx hyzmatyny täzeden açyň
Nginx hyzmatyny täzeden açmak üçin, soňundan hyzmaty bes etjek hereket.
$ sudo systemctl restart nginx #systemd OR $ sudo service nginx restart #sysv init
Nginx hyzmat ýagdaýyny görüň
Nginx hyzmatynyň ýagdaýyny aşakdaky ýaly barlap bilersiňiz. Bu buýruk hyzmat hakda iş wagtynyň ýagdaýyny görkezýär.
$ sudo systemctl status nginx #systemd OR $ sudo service nginx status #sysvinit
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-03-05 05:27:15 EST; 2min 59s ago
Main PID: 31515 (nginx)
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─31515 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
└─31516 nginx: worker process
Mar 05 05:27:15 linux-console.net systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Mar 05 05:27:15 linux-console.net nginx[31509]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Mar 05 05:27:15 linux-console.net nginx[31509]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Mar 05 05:27:15 linux-console.net systemd[1]: Failed to read PID from file /run/nginx.pid: Invalid argument
Mar 05 05:27:15 linux-console.net systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
Nginx hyzmatyny täzeden ýükläň
Nginx-e konfigurasiýasyny täzeden açmagy aýtmak üçin aşakdaky buýrugy ulanyň.
$ sudo systemctl reload nginx #systemd OR $ sudo service nginx reload #sysvinit
Nginx hyzmatyny bes ediň
Bir sebäp bilen Nginx hyzmatyny duruzmak isleseňiz, aşakdaky buýrugy ulanyň.
$ sudo systemctl stop nginx #systemd OR $ sudo service nginx stop #sysvinit
Nginx buýruk kömegini görkeziň
Nginx buýruklarynyň we opsiýalarynyň aňsat salgylanmasyny almak üçin aşakdaky buýrugy ulanyň.
$ systemctl -h nginx
systemctl [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} ...
Query or send control commands to the systemd manager.
-h --help Show this help
--version Show package version
--system Connect to system manager
-H --host=[[email ]HOST
Operate on remote host
-M --machine=CONTAINER
Operate on local container
-t --type=TYPE List units of a particular type
--state=STATE List units with particular LOAD or SUB or ACTIVE state
-p --property=NAME Show only properties by this name
-a --all Show all loaded units/properties, including dead/empty
ones. To list all units installed on the system, use
the 'list-unit-files' command instead.
-l --full Don't ellipsize unit names on output
-r --recursive Show unit list of host and local containers
--reverse Show reverse dependencies with 'list-dependencies'
--job-mode=MODE Specify how to deal with already queued jobs, when
queueing a new job
--show-types When showing sockets, explicitly show their type
-i --ignore-inhibitors
...
Şeýle hem, aşakdaky Nginx bilen baglanyşykly makalalary okamak isläp bilersiňiz.
- Nginx web serweriniň howpsuzlygyny üpjün etmek, berkitmek we öndürijiligini gowulandyrmak üçin iň soňky gollanma
- Güýçlendirmek - NGINX gözegçiligi aňsatlaşdyryldy
- ngxtop - Linux-da hakyky wagtda Nginx Log Faýllaryna gözegçilik ediň
- Nginx-i wirtual hostlar we SSL şahadatnamasy bilen nädip gurmaly
- Linux-da Nginx Server wersiýasyny nädip gizlemeli
Bularyň hemmesi häzirlikçe! Bu gollanmada, Nginx-i başlamak, işletmek, gaýtadan açmak we duruzmak ýaly bilmeli köp ulanylýan Nginx hyzmat dolandyryş buýruklaryny düşündirdik. Goşuljak soraglaryňyz ýa-da soraglaryňyz bar bolsa, aşakdaky jogap görnüşini ulanyň.