9 Linux-da CPU maglumatlary almak üçin peýdaly buýruklar


Öňki makalada Linux-da ulgam we enjam maglumatlary ýygnamak üçin 10 sany peýdaly buýrugyň sanawyny jemledik. Bu gollanmada, CPU/prosessor bilen çäkleneris we enjamyňyzyň CPU hakda jikme-jik maglumatlary çykarmagyň dürli usullaryny görkezeris.

Diňe size umumy maglumat bermek üçin CPU arhitekturasy, satyjy_id, model, modeliň ady, CPU ýadrosynyň sany, her ýadrosyň tizligi we başga-da köp zatlary sorarys.
Aslynda,/proc/cpuinfo bu maglumatlary öz içine alýar, beýleki buýruklar/kömekçi enjamlar bu faýldan çykýar.

Bu aýdylanda, Linux CPU hakda maglumat almak üçin aşakda 9 buýruk bar.

1. Pişik buýrugyny ulanyp CPU maglumatyny alyň

Pişik buýrugynyň kömegi bilen/proc/cpuinfo faýlynyň mazmunyny aşakdaky görnüşde görüp, ulgam CPU-nyň maglumatlaryny görüp bilersiňiz:

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor	: 0
vendor_id	: GenuineIntel
cpu family	: 6
model		: 69
model name	: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4210U CPU @ 1.70GHz
stepping	: 1
microcode	: 0x1c
cpu MHz		: 1700.062
cache size	: 3072 KB
physical id	: 0
siblings	: 4
core id		: 0
cpu cores	: 2
apicid		: 0
initial apicid	: 0
fpu		: yes
fpu_exception	: yes
cpuid level	: 13
wp		: yes
flags		: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm epb tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid xsaveopt dtherm ida arat pln pts
bugs		:
bogomips	: 4788.92
clflush size	: 64
cache_alignment	: 64
address sizes	: 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
......

Biraz anyk kesgitlemek üçin, grep buýrugyny - adaty aňlatma gabat gelýän setirler üçin açyk tekst maglumatlary gözlemek üçin CLI guralyny ulanyp bilersiňiz. Bu size diňe satyjynyň adyny, modeliniň adyny, prosessorlaryň sanyny, ýadro sanyny we ş.m. çykarmaga kömek edip biler:

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'vendor' | uniq		#view vendor name
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'model name' | uniq		#display model name
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor | wc -l		#count the number of processing units
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'core id'			#show individual cores	

2. lscpu buýrugy - CPU arhitektura maglumatyny görkezýär

Lscpu buýrugy aşakda görkezilişi ýaly sysfs we/proc/cpuinfo-dan CPU arhitektura maglumatyny çap edýär:

$ lscpu
Architecture:          x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian
CPU(s):                4
On-line CPU(s) list:   0-3
Thread(s) per core:    2
Core(s) per socket:    2
Socket(s):             1
NUMA node(s):          1
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel
CPU family:            6
Model:                 69
Model name:            Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4210U CPU @ 1.70GHz
Stepping:              1
CPU MHz:               1303.687
CPU max MHz:           2700.0000
CPU min MHz:           800.0000
BogoMIPS:              4788.92
Virtualization:        VT-x
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              256K
L3 cache:              3072K
NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0-3
Flags:                 fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm epb tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid xsaveopt dtherm ida arat pln pts

3. cpuid buýrugy - x86 CPU görkezýär

Cpuid buýrugy CPUID görkezmesinden ýygnan CPU (lar) hakda doly maglumatlary taşlaýar we şol maglumatlardan x86 CPU (lar) -yň takyk modelini tapýar.

Işlemezden ozal guruň.

$ sudo apt install cpuid        #Debian/Ubuntu systems
$ sudo yum install cpuid	#RHEL/CentOS systems 
$ sudo dnf install cpuid	#Fedora 22+ 

Gurlandan soň, x86 CPU hakda maglumat ýygnamak üçin cpuid işlediň.

$ cpuid
CPU 0:
   vendor_id = "GenuineIntel"
   version information (1/eax):
      processor type  = primary processor (0)
      family          = Intel Pentium Pro/II/III/Celeron/Core/Core 2/Atom, AMD Athlon/Duron, Cyrix M2, VIA C3 (6)
      model           = 0x5 (5)
      stepping id     = 0x1 (1)
      extended family = 0x0 (0)
      extended model  = 0x4 (4)
      (simple synth)  = Intel Mobile Core i3-4000Y / Mobile Core i5-4000Y / Mobile Core i7-4000Y / Mobile Pentium 3500U/3600U/3500Y / Mobile Celeron 2900U (Mobile U/Y) (Haswell), 22nm
   miscellaneous (1/ebx):
      process local APIC physical ID = 0x0 (0)
      cpu count                      = 0x10 (16)
      CLFLUSH line size              = 0x8 (8)
      brand index                    = 0x0 (0)
   brand id = 0x00 (0): unknown
   feature information (1/edx):
      x87 FPU on chip                        = true
      virtual-8086 mode enhancement          = true
      debugging extensions                   = true
      page size extensions                   = true
      time stamp counter                     = true
      RDMSR and WRMSR support                = true
      physical address extensions            = true
....

4. dmidecode buýrugy - Linux enjam maglumatyny görkezýär

dmidecode islendik Linux ulgamynyň apparat maglumatlaryny almak üçin guraldyr. Kompýuteriň DMI (a.k. SMBIOS) tablisasynyň mazmunyny aňsat gözlemek üçin adam tarapyndan okalýan formatda taşlaýar. SMBIOS spesifikasiýasy dürli DMI görnüşlerini kesgitleýär, CPU üçin\prosessor ulanyň:

$ sudo dmidecode --type processor
# dmidecode 3.0
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 2.7 present.

Handle 0x0004, DMI type 4, 42 bytes
Processor Information
	Socket Designation: U3E1
	Type: Central Processor
	Family: Core i5
	Manufacturer: Intel(R) Corporation
	ID: 51 06 04 00 FF FB EB BF
	Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 69, Stepping 1
	Flags:
		FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)
		VME (Virtual mode extension)
		DE (Debugging extension)
		PSE (Page size extension)
		TSC (Time stamp counter)
		MSR (Model specific registers)
		PAE (Physical address extension)
		MCE (Machine check exception)
		CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported)
		APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported)
		SEP (Fast system call)
		MTRR (Memory type range registers)
		PGE (Page global enable)
		MCA (Machine check architecture)
.....

5. Inxi Tool - Linux ulgam maglumatyny görkezýär

Inxi, hem konsol, hem IRC (Internet Relay Chat) üçin niýetlenen güýçli buýruk setiri ulgam maglumat skriptidir. Apparat maglumatlaryny derrew almak üçin ulanyp bilersiňiz.

Şeýle gurnap bilersiňiz:

$ sudo apt install inxi 	#Debian/Ubuntu systems
$ sudo yum install inxi		#RHEL/CentOS systems 
$ sudo dnf install inxi		#Fedora 22+ 

CPU-nyň doly tizligini we CPU-nyň iň ýokary tizligini goşmak bilen doly CPU maglumatyny görkezmek üçin -C baýdagyny aşakdaky ýaly ulanyň:

$ inxi -C
CPU:       Dual core Intel Core i5-4210U (-HT-MCP-) cache: 3072 KB 
           clock speeds: max: 2700 MHz 1: 1958 MHz 2: 1993 MHz 3: 1775 MHz 4: 1714 MHz

6. lshw Tool - Enjam konfigurasiýasyny sanaň

lshw, kompýuteriň apparat konfigurasiýasy barada çuňňur maglumat ýygnamak üçin iň az guraldyr. Bu ýagdaýda apparat synpyny, CPU-ny saýlamak üçin -C opsiýasyny ulanyp bilersiňiz:

$ sudo lshw -C CPU
*-cpu                   
       description: CPU
       product: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4210U CPU @ 1.70GHz
       vendor: Intel Corp.
       physical id: 4
       bus info: [email 
       version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4210U CPU @ 1.70GHz
       serial: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
       slot: U3E1
       size: 2626MHz
       capacity: 2700MHz
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 100MHz
       capabilities: x86-64 fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm epb tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid xsaveopt dtherm ida arat pln pts cpufreq
       configuration: cores=2 enabledcores=2 threads=4

7. hardinfo - GTK + penjirede enjam maglumatlary görkezýär

hardinfo enjam maglumatlary GTK + penjiresinde görkezýär, ony aşakdaky ýaly gurup bilersiňiz:

$ sudo apt install hardinfo 	#Debian/Ubuntu systems
$ sudo yum install hardinfo	#RHEL/CentOS systems 
$ sudo dnf install hardinfo	#Fedora 22+ 

Ony guranyňyzdan soň ýazyň:

$ hardinfo 

Şeýle hem,\Hasabat döretmek düwmesine basyp, ulgam enjamlary maglumatlary hasabatyny döretmäge mümkinçilik berýär. Aşakdaky interfeýsden dowam etmek üçin\Dörediň düwmesine basyň. Dörediljek apparat maglumat kategoriýasyny saýlap bilersiňiz.

Hasabaty html görnüşinde döredeniňizden soň, aşakda görkezilişi ýaly web brauzerinden görüp bilersiňiz.

8. hwinfo - Häzirki enjam maglumatyny görkezýär

hwinfo Linux ulgamynda bar bolan enjamlar barada maglumat almak üçin ulanylýar. CPU hakda maglumat görkezmek üçin --cpu ulanyň

$ hwinfo --cpu
01: None 00.0: 10103 CPU                                        
  [Created at cpu.460]
  Unique ID: rdCR.j8NaKXDZtZ6
  Hardware Class: cpu
  Arch: X86-64
  Vendor: "GenuineIntel"
  Model: 6.69.1 "Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4210U CPU @ 1.70GHz"
  Features: fpu,vme,de,pse,tsc,msr,pae,mce,cx8,apic,sep,mtrr,pge,mca,cmov,pat,pse36,clflush,dts,acpi,mmx,fxsr,sse,sse2,ss,ht,tm,pbe,syscall,nx,pdpe1gb,rdtscp,lm,constant_tsc,arch_perfmon,pebs,bts,rep_good,nopl,xtopology,nonstop_tsc,aperfmperf,eagerfpu,pni,pclmulqdq,dtes64,monitor,ds_cpl,vmx,est,tm2,ssse3,sdbg,fma,cx16,xtpr,pdcm,pcid,sse4_1,sse4_2,movbe,popcnt,tsc_deadline_timer,aes,xsave,avx,f16c,rdrand,lahf_lm,abm,epb,tpr_shadow,vnmi,flexpriority,ept,vpid,fsgsbase,tsc_adjust,bmi1,avx2,smep,bmi2,erms,invpcid,xsaveopt,dtherm,ida,arat,pln,pts
  Clock: 2080 MHz
  BogoMips: 4788.92
  Cache: 3072 kb
  Units/Processor: 16
  Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown
....

9. nproc - Gaýtadan işleýän bölümleriň sany

nproc buýrugy kompýuteriňizde bar bolan gaýtadan işleýän bölümiň sanyny görkezmek üçin ulanylýar:

$ nproc

Goşmaça ulanyş maglumatlary we opsiýalar üçin şu buýruklaryň adam sahypalaryny okaň:

$ man commandname

Şeýle hem, barlaň:

  1. Cpustat - Linux-da işlemek prosesi arkaly CPU-nyň ulanylyşyna gözegçilik edýär
  2. CoreFreq - Linux ulgamlary üçin güýçli CPU gözegçilik guraly
  3. Linux-da iň ýokary ýat we CPU ulanylyşy boýunça iň ýokary işleýiş amallaryny tapyň
  4. “Stress-ng” guralyny ulanyp, Linux-da ýokary CPU ýüküni we Stress synagyny nädip girizmeli?

Häzirlikçe! Aşakdaky seslenme formasy arkaly Linux-da CPU maglumatyny çykarmagyň goşmaça usullaryny biziň bilen paýlaşyp bilersiňiz.