Linux-da haýsy Apache modullarynyň açyk/ýüklenendigini nädip barlamaly


Bu gollanmada, Apache web serweriniň öň tarapy we serweriňizde haýsy Apache modullarynyň işledilendigini sanawlamak ýa-da barlamak barada gysgaça gürleşeris.

“Apache” modullyk ýörelgesine esaslanýar, şeýlelik bilen, web serwer dolandyryjylaryna esasy funksiýalaryny giňeltmek we apache öndürijiligini ýokarlandyrmak üçin dürli modullary goşmaga mümkinçilik berýär.

Adaty Apache modullarynyň käbiri:

  1. mod_ssl - Apache üçin HTTPS hödürleýär.
  2. mod_rewrite - url nagyşlaryny yzygiderli aňlatmalar bilen deňeşdirmäge we .htaccess hilelerini ulanyp aç-açan gönükdirmäni ýerine ýetirmäge ýa-da HTTP status kody jogap bermäge mümkinçilik berýär.
  3. mod_security - Apache-ni Brute Force ýa-da DDoS hüjümlerinden goramagy teklip edýär.
  4. mod_status - bu size Apache web serweriniň ýüküne we sahypa statikasyna gözegçilik etmäge mümkinçilik berýär.

Linux-da Apachectl ýa-da apache2ctl buýrugy Apache HTTP serwer interfeýsine gözegçilik etmek üçin ulanylýar, bu Apache-iň öň tarapy.

Apache2ctl üçin ulanyş maglumatlaryny aşakdaky ýaly görkezip bilersiňiz:

$ apache2ctl help
OR
$ apachectl help
Usage: /usr/sbin/httpd [-D name] [-d directory] [-f file]
                       [-C "directive"] [-c "directive"]
                       [-k start|restart|graceful|graceful-stop|stop]
                       [-v] [-V] [-h] [-l] [-L] [-t] [-S]
Options:
  -D name            : define a name for use in  directives
  -d directory       : specify an alternate initial ServerRoot
  -f file            : specify an alternate ServerConfigFile
  -C "directive"     : process directive before reading config files
  -c "directive"     : process directive after reading config files
  -e level           : show startup errors of level (see LogLevel)
  -E file            : log startup errors to file
  -v                 : show version number
  -V                 : show compile settings
  -h                 : list available command line options (this page)
  -l                 : list compiled in modules
  -L                 : list available configuration directives
  -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS  : show parsed settings (currently only vhost settings)
  -S                 : a synonym for -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS
  -t -D DUMP_MODULES : show all loaded modules 
  -M                 : a synonym for -t -D DUMP_MODULES
  -t                 : run syntax check for config files

apache2ctl mümkin bolan iki reesimde, Sys V init re andiminde we geçiş re modeiminde işläp biler. SysV init re modeiminde apache2ctl aşakdaky görnüşde ýönekeý, bir sözli buýruklary alýar:

$ apachectl command
OR
$ apache2ctl command

Mysal üçin, Apache-ni başlamak we ýagdaýyny barlamak üçin, adaty ulanyjy bolsaňyz, sudo buýrugyny ulanyp, bu iki buýrugy kök ulanyjy aýratynlyklary bilen işlediň:

$ sudo apache2ctl start
$ sudo apache2ctl status
[email  ~ $ sudo apache2ctl start
AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
httpd (pid 1456) already running
[email  ~ $ sudo apache2ctl status
Apache Server Status for localhost (via 127.0.0.1)

Server Version: Apache/2.4.18 (Ubuntu)
Server MPM: prefork
Server Built: 2016-07-14T12:32:26

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Current Time: Tuesday, 15-Nov-2016 11:47:28 IST
Restart Time: Tuesday, 15-Nov-2016 10:21:46 IST
Parent Server Config. Generation: 2
Parent Server MPM Generation: 1
Server uptime: 1 hour 25 minutes 41 seconds
Server load: 0.97 0.94 0.77
Total accesses: 2 - Total Traffic: 3 kB
CPU Usage: u0 s0 cu0 cs0
.000389 requests/sec - 0 B/second - 1536 B/request
1 requests currently being processed, 4 idle workers

__W__...........................................................
................................................................
......................

Scoreboard Key:
"_" Waiting for Connection, "S" Starting up, "R" Reading Request,
"W" Sending Reply, "K" Keepalive (read), "D" DNS Lookup,
"C" Closing connection, "L" Logging, "G" Gracefully finishing,
"I" Idle cleanup of worker, "." Open slot with no current process

Geçiş re modeiminde işleýän wagtyňyz, apache2ctl aşakdaky sintaksisde ähli Apache argumentlerini alyp biler:

$ apachectl [apache-argument]
$ apache2ctl [apache-argument]

Apache-argumentleriň hemmesini aşakdaky ýaly sanap bolar:

$ apache2 help    [On Debian based systems]
$ httpd help      [On RHEL based systems]

Şonuň üçin Apache web serweriňizde haýsy modullaryň açykdygyny barlamak üçin paýlamak üçin aşakdaky degişli buýrugy işlediň, bu ýerde -t -D DUMP_MODULES ähli açyk/ýüklenen modullary görkezmek üçin Apache-argumentdir. :

---------------  On Debian based systems --------------- 
$ apache2ctl -t -D DUMP_MODULES   
OR 
$ apache2ctl -M
---------------  On RHEL based systems --------------- 
$ apachectl -t -D DUMP_MODULES   
OR 
$ httpd -M
$ apache2ctl -M
 apachectl -M
Loaded Modules:
 core_module (static)
 mpm_prefork_module (static)
 http_module (static)
 so_module (static)
 auth_basic_module (shared)
 auth_digest_module (shared)
 authn_file_module (shared)
 authn_alias_module (shared)
 authn_anon_module (shared)
 authn_dbm_module (shared)
 authn_default_module (shared)
 authz_host_module (shared)
 authz_user_module (shared)
 authz_owner_module (shared)
 authz_groupfile_module (shared)
 authz_dbm_module (shared)
 authz_default_module (shared)
 ldap_module (shared)
 authnz_ldap_module (shared)
 include_module (shared)
....

Bu hemmesi! bu ýönekeý sapakda, açyk/ýüklenen apache modullaryny sanawlamak üçin Apache-iň öňdäki gurallaryny nädip ulanmalydygyny düşündirdik. Bu gollanma bilen baglanyşykly soraglaryňyzy ýa-da teswirleriňizi bize ibermek üçin aşakdaky seslenme görnüşini ulanyp habarlaşyp bilersiňiz.