Smem - Linux-da her prosese we ulanyjy başyna ýadyň sarp edilişi barada hasabat berýär
Memoryadyň ulanylyşyna gözegçilik etmekde ýadyň dolandyrylyşy Linux ulgamyňyzda edilmeli bir möhüm zat, ýadyň ulanylyşyna gözegçilik etmek üçin köp gural bar, dürli Linux paýlamalarynda tapyp bilersiňiz. Theyöne olar dürli usullar bilen işleýärler, bu ýol görkezmekde, smem atly bir guraly nädip gurmaly we ulanmalydygyna göz aýlarys.
Smem, Linux ulgamynda ýadyň ulanylyşy barada ulanyja dürli hasabatlary berýän buýruk setiri ýadyň hasabat guralydyr. Smem hakda özboluşly bir zat bar, beýleki adaty ýat habar beriş gurallaryndan tapawutlylykda, wirtual ýatda goýmalarda programmalar we kitaphanalar tarapyndan ýadyň ulanylyşynyň has manyly görnüşi bolan PSS (Proporsional Set Size) habar berýär.
Bar bolan adaty gurallar esasan fiziki ýadyň shemasynda ýadyň ulanylyşyna gözegçilik etmek üçin adaty çäre bolan RSS (Resident Set Size) okamaga gönükdirilendir, ýöne programmalar tarapyndan ýadyň ulanylyşyna aşa baha berýär.
Beýleki tarapdan PSS, wirtual ýat shemasynda programmalar we kitaphanalar tarapyndan ulanylýan ýadyň adalatly paýyny kesgitlemek bilen ýeterlik çäre berýär.
Linux ulgamynda ýadyň sarp edilişine düşünmek üçin bu gollanmany (ýat RSS we PSS hakda) okap bilersiňiz, ýöne smem-iň käbir aýratynlyklaryna seredip geçeliň.
- Ulgam synynyň sanawy
- Sanawlar we amal, kartalaşdyrmak ýa-da ulanyjy boýunça süzmek
- /proc faýl ulgamyndan maglumatlary ulanmak
- Birnäçe maglumat çeşmesinden düzülip bilinýän sanaw sütünleri
- Düzülip bilinýän çykyş birlikleri we göterimler
- Sanawlarda sözbaşylary we jemi düzmek aňsat
- Katalog aýnalaryndan ýa-da gysylan tar faýllaryndan maglumat suratlaryny ulanmak
- Gurlan diagramma döretmek mehanizmi
- Içerki ulgamlarda ulanylýan ýeňil düşüriş guraly
Smem-i nädip gurmaly - Linux-da ýat hasabaty guraly
Smem gurnamaga başlamazdan ozal ulgamyňyz aşakdaky talaplara laýyk gelmelidir:
- häzirki zaman ýadrosy (> 2.6.27 ýa-da ş.m.)
- Python-yň soňky wersiýasy (2.4 ýa-da şonuň ýaly)
- diagrammalary döretmek üçin goşmaça matplotlib kitaphanasy
Şu günki Linux paýlamalarynyň köpüsi Python 2 ýa-da 3 goldawy bilen iň soňky ýadro wersiýasy bilen gelýär, şonuň üçin ýeke-täk talap, ajaýyp diagrammalar döretmek üçin ulanylýan matplotlib kitaphanasyny gurmakdyr.
Ilki bilen EPEL (Enterprise Linux üçin goşmaça paketler) ammaryny işlediň we soňra aşakdaky ýaly guruň:
# yum install smem python-matplotlib python-tk
$ sudo apt-get install smem
$ sudo apt-get install smem python-matplotlib python-tk
Bu AUR ammaryny ulanyň.
Smem-i nädip ulanmaly - Linux-da ýat hasabaty guraly
Systemhli ulgam ulanyjylary tarapyndan tutuş ulgamda ýadyň ulanylyşy baradaky hasabaty görmek üçin aşakdaky buýrugy işlediň:
$ sudo smem
PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS 6367 tecmint cat 0 100 145 1784 6368 tecmint cat 0 100 147 1676 2864 tecmint /usr/bin/ck-launch-session 0 144 165 1780 7656 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0 156 178 1832 5758 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0 156 179 1916 1441 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty2 0 152 184 2052 1434 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty5 0 156 187 2060 1444 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty3 0 156 187 2060 1432 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty4 0 156 188 2124 1452 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty6 0 164 196 2064 2619 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1 0 164 196 2136 3544 tecmint sh -c /usr/lib/linuxmint/mi 0 212 224 1540 1504 root acpid -c /etc/acpi/events - 0 220 236 1604 3311 tecmint syndaemon -i 0.5 -K -R 0 252 292 2556 3143 rtkit /usr/lib/rtkit/rtkit-daemon 0 300 326 2548 1588 root cron 0 292 333 2344 1589 avahi avahi-daemon: chroot helpe 0 124 334 1632 1523 root /usr/sbin/irqbalance 0 316 343 2096 585 root upstart-socket-bridge --dae 0 328 351 1820 3033 tecmint /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit 0 328 360 2160 1346 root upstart-file-bridge --daemo 0 348 371 1776 2607 root /usr/bin/xdm 0 188 378 2368 1635 kernoops /usr/sbin/kerneloops 0 352 386 2684 344 root upstart-udev-bridge --daemo 0 400 427 2132 2960 tecmint /usr/bin/ssh-agent /usr/bin 0 480 485 992 3468 tecmint /bin/dbus-daemon --config-f 0 344 515 3284 1559 avahi avahi-daemon: running [tecm 0 284 517 3108 7289 postfix pickup -l -t unix -u -c 0 288 534 2808 2135 root /usr/lib/postfix/master 0 352 576 2872 2436 postfix qmgr -l -t unix -u 0 360 606 2884 1521 root /lib/systemd/systemd-logind 0 600 650 3276 2222 nobody /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --no-reso 0 604 669 3288 ....
Adaty bir ulanyjy smem işledeninde, ulanyjynyň başlan prosesi boýunça ýadyň ulanylyşyny görkezýär, amallar PSS-ni köpeltmek üçin tertiplenýär.
Ulanyjy aaronkilik tarapyndan başlanan amallar bilen ýady ulanmak üçin ulgamymdaky aşakdaky çykyşlara göz aýlaň:
$ smem
PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS 6367 tecmint cat 0 100 145 1784 6368 tecmint cat 0 100 147 1676 2864 tecmint /usr/bin/ck-launch-session 0 144 166 1780 3544 tecmint sh -c /usr/lib/linuxmint/mi 0 212 224 1540 3311 tecmint syndaemon -i 0.5 -K -R 0 252 292 2556 3033 tecmint /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit 0 328 360 2160 3468 tecmint /bin/dbus-daemon --config-f 0 344 515 3284 3122 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd 0 656 801 5552 3471 tecmint /usr/lib/at-spi2-core/at-sp 0 708 864 5992 3396 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-mtp-volu 0 804 914 6204 3208 tecmint /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/i 0 892 1012 6188 3380 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-afc-volu 0 820 1024 6396 3034 tecmint //bin/dbus-daemon --fork -- 0 920 1081 3040 3365 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-gphoto2- 0 972 1099 6052 3228 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-trash - 0 980 1153 6648 3107 tecmint /usr/lib/dconf/dconf-servic 0 1212 1283 5376 6399 tecmint /opt/google/chrome/chrome - 0 144 1409 10732 3478 tecmint /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/g 0 1724 1820 6320 7365 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-http -- 0 1352 1884 8704 6937 tecmint /opt/libreoffice5.0/program 0 1140 2328 5040 3194 tecmint /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/p 0 1956 2405 14228 6373 tecmint /opt/google/chrome/nacl_hel 0 2324 2541 8908 3313 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-udisks2- 0 2460 2754 8736 3464 tecmint /usr/lib/at-spi2-core/at-sp 0 2684 2823 7920 5771 tecmint ssh -p 4521 [email 0 2544 2864 6540 5759 tecmint /bin/bash 0 2416 2923 5640 3541 tecmint /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/mi 0 2584 3008 7248 7657 tecmint bash 0 2516 3055 6028 3127 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-fuse /r 0 3024 3126 8032 3205 tecmint mate-screensaver 0 2520 3331 18072 3171 tecmint /usr/lib/mate-panel/notific 0 2860 3495 17140 3030 tecmint x-session-manager 0 4400 4879 17500 3197 tecmint mate-volume-control-applet 0 3860 5226 23736 ...
Smem ulananyňyzda ýüz tutmak üçin köp wariant bar, mysal üçin ulgamyň giň ýadyň sarp edilişini görmek üçin aşakdaky buýrugy işlediň:
$ sudo smem -w
Area Used Cache Noncache firmware/hardware 0 0 0 kernel image 0 0 0 kernel dynamic memory 1425320 1291412 133908 userspace memory 2215368 451608 1763760 free memory 4424936 4424936 0
Ulanyjynyň başyna ýadyň ulanylyşyny görmek üçin aşakdaky buýrugy işlediň:
$ sudo smem -u
User Count Swap USS PSS RSS rtkit 1 0 300 326 2548 kernoops 1 0 352 385 2684 avahi 2 0 408 851 4740 postfix 2 0 648 1140 5692 messagebus 1 0 1012 1173 3320 syslog 1 0 1396 1419 3232 www-data 2 0 5100 6572 13580 mpd 1 0 7416 8302 12896 nobody 2 0 4024 11305 24728 root 39 0 323876 353418 496520 tecmint 64 0 1652888 1815699 2763112
Şeýle hem kartalaşdyrmak arkaly ýadyň ulanylyşyny aşakdaky ýaly habar berip bilersiňiz:
$ sudo smem -m
Map PIDs AVGPSS PSS /dev/fb0 1 0 0 /home/tecmint/.cache/fontconfig/7ef2298f 18 0 0 /home/tecmint/.cache/fontconfig/c57959a1 18 0 0 /home/tecmint/.local/share/mime/mime.cac 15 0 0 /opt/google/chrome/chrome_material_100_p 9 0 0 /opt/google/chrome/chrome_material_200_p 9 0 0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gconv/gconv-mo 41 0 0 /usr/share/icons/Mint-X-Teal/icon-theme. 15 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/0c9eb80ebd1c36541e 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/0d8c3b2ac0904cb8a5 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/1ac9eb803944fde146 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/3830d5c3ddfd5cd38a 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/385c0604a188198f04 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/4794a0821666d79190 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/56cf4f4769d0f4abc8 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/767a8244fc0220cfb5 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/8801497958630a81b7 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/99e8ed0e538f840c56 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/b9d506c9ac06c20b43 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/c05880de57d1f5e948 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/dc05db6664285cc2f1 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/e13b20fdb08344e0e6 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/e7071f4a29fa870f43 20 0 0 ....
Smem çykyşyny süzmek üçin hem wariantlar bar we bu ýerde iki mysala serederis.
Ulanyjy ady boýunça çykyşy süzmek üçin aşakdaky ýaly -u ýa-da --userfilter =\regex\ opsiýasyna ýüz tutuň:
$ sudo smem -u
User Count Swap USS PSS RSS rtkit 1 0 300 326 2548 kernoops 1 0 352 385 2684 avahi 2 0 408 851 4740 postfix 2 0 648 1140 5692 messagebus 1 0 1012 1173 3320 syslog 1 0 1400 1423 3236 www-data 2 0 5100 6572 13580 mpd 1 0 7416 8302 12896 nobody 2 0 4024 11305 24728 root 39 0 323804 353374 496552 tecmint 64 0 1708900 1871766 2819212
Çykyşlary prosesiň ady boýunça süzmek üçin, -P ýa-da --processfilter =\regex\ opsiýasyna ýüz tutuň:
$ sudo smem --processfilter="firefox"
PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS 9212 root sudo smem --processfilter=f 0 1172 1434 4856 9213 root /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/sm 0 7368 7793 11984 4424 tecmint /usr/lib/firefox/firefox 0 931732 937590 961504
Çykyş formatirlemesi gaty möhüm bolup biler we ýat hasabatlaryny formatlamaga kömek edýän wariantlar bar we aşakdaky birnäçe mysallara göz aýlarys.
Hasabatda islenýän sütünleri görkezmek üçin aşakdaky ýaly -c ýa-da --columns opsiýasyny ulanyň:
$ sudo smem -c "name user pss rss"
Name User PSS RSS cat tecmint 145 1784 cat tecmint 147 1676 ck-launch-sessi tecmint 165 1780 gnome-pty-helpe tecmint 178 1832 gnome-pty-helpe tecmint 179 1916 getty root 184 2052 getty root 187 2060 getty root 187 2060 getty root 188 2124 getty root 196 2064 getty root 196 2136 sh tecmint 224 1540 acpid root 236 1604 syndaemon tecmint 296 2560 rtkit-daemon rtkit 326 2548 cron root 333 2344 avahi-daemon avahi 334 1632 irqbalance root 343 2096 upstart-socket- root 351 1820 dbus-launch tecmint 360 2160 upstart-file-br root 371 1776 xdm root 378 2368 kerneloops kernoops 386 2684 upstart-udev-br root 427 2132 ssh-agent tecmint 485 992 ...
Memoryadyň ulanylyşyny aşakdaky buýrukdaky ýaly göterimlerde habar bermek üçin -p opsiýasyna ýüz tutup bilersiňiz:
$ sudo smem -p
PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS
6367 tecmint cat 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
6368 tecmint cat 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
9307 tecmint sh -c { sudo /usr/lib/linux 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
2864 tecmint /usr/bin/ck-launch-session 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
3544 tecmint sh -c /usr/lib/linuxmint/mi 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
5758 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
7656 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
1441 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty2 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
1434 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty5 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
1444 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty3 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
1432 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty4 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
1452 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty6 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
2619 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
1504 root acpid -c /etc/acpi/events - 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
3311 tecmint syndaemon -i 0.5 -K -R 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
3143 rtkit /usr/lib/rtkit/rtkit-daemon 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
1588 root cron 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
1589 avahi avahi-daemon: chroot helpe 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
1523 root /usr/sbin/irqbalance 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
585 root upstart-socket-bridge --dae 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
3033 tecmint /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
....
Aşakdaky buýruk çykyşyň her sütüniniň ahyrynda jemi görkeziler:
$ sudo smem -t
PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS
6367 tecmint cat 0 100 139 1784
6368 tecmint cat 0 100 141 1676
9307 tecmint sh -c { sudo /usr/lib/linux 0 96 158 1508
2864 tecmint /usr/bin/ck-launch-session 0 144 163 1780
3544 tecmint sh -c /usr/lib/linuxmint/mi 0 108 170 1540
5758 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0 156 176 1916
7656 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0 156 176 1832
1441 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty2 0 152 181 2052
1434 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty5 0 156 184 2060
1444 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty3 0 156 184 2060
1432 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty4 0 156 185 2124
1452 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty6 0 164 193 2064
2619 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1 0 164 193 2136
1504 root acpid -c /etc/acpi/events - 0 220 232 1604
3311 tecmint syndaemon -i 0.5 -K -R 0 260 298 2564
3143 rtkit /usr/lib/rtkit/rtkit-daemon 0 300 324 2548
1588 root cron 0 292 326 2344
1589 avahi avahi-daemon: chroot helpe 0 124 332 1632
1523 root /usr/sbin/irqbalance 0 316 340 2096
585 root upstart-socket-bridge --dae 0 328 349 1820
3033 tecmint /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit 0 328 359 2160
1346 root upstart-file-bridge --daemo 0 348 370 1776
2607 root /usr/bin/xdm 0 188 375 2368
1635 kernoops /usr/sbin/kerneloops 0 352 384 2684
344 root upstart-udev-bridge --daemo 0 400 426 2132
.....
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
134 11 0 2171428 2376266 3587972
Mundan başga-da, ulanyp boljak grafiki hasabatlar üçin wariantlar bar we biz bu kiçi bölüme gireris.
Prosesleriň çyzgysyny we olaryň PSS we RSS bahalaryny öndürip bilersiňiz, aşakdaky mysalda kök ulanyja degişli prosesleriň çyzgysyny öndürýäris.
Wertikal tekizlik PSS we RSS amallaryň ölçegini görkezýär we gorizontal tekizlik her kök ulanyjy prosesini görkezýär:
$ sudo smem --userfilter="root" --bar pid -c"pss rss"
Şeýle hem, PSS ýa-da RSS bahalaryna esaslanýan amallary we ýadyň sarp edilişini görkezýän tort çyzgysyny öndürip bilersiňiz. Aşakdaky buýruk, kök ulanyjynyň ölçeg bahalaryna degişli prosesler üçin tort çyzgysyny çykarýar.
--pie ady ady boýunça belligi aňladýar we -s opsiýasy PSS bahasy boýunça tertiplenmäge kömek edýär.
$ sudo smem --userfilter="root" --pie name -s pss
Diagrammalary bellemek üçin ulanylýan PSS we RSS-den başga köp belli meýdanlar bar:
Kömek almak üçin smem -h ýazyň ýa-da el bilen giriş sahypasyna giriň.
Bu ýerde smem bilen durarys, ýöne has gowy düşünmek üçin adam sahypasynda tapyp boljak başga-da köp wariant bilen ulanyň. Hemişe bolşy ýaly pikirleri ýa-da aladalary beýan etmek üçin aşakdaky teswir bölümini ulanyp bilersiňiz.
Salgylanma baglanyşyklary: https://www.selenic.com/smem/