Debian paketlerini dolandyrmak üçin 8 sany peýdaly Debian önümlerini nädip ulanmaly
“Debian-goodies”, Debian we Ubuntu, Kali Linux ýaly emele gelen ulgamlary dolandyrmak üçin ulanylýan gural gutusy stilindäki enjamlary öz içine alýan bukjadyr. Bu bukjanyň aşagyndaky kömekçi enjamlar, köp tanalýan gabyk gurallary bilen birleşdirmek üçin işlenip düzüldi we beýlekiler Debian esasly Linux paýlamalarynda öz paketleri hökmünde işlenip bilinmeýändigi sebäpli goşuldy.
Bu gollanmada dglob, debget, dpigs, dgrep, debmany, barlag nokady, popbugs we haýsy-pkg-döwülen debian-goodies paketiniň aşagyndaky hyzmatlary nädip ulanmalydygyna serederis.
Aşakdaky her guralyň beýanyna seredeliň:
- dglob - Bir nagşa gabat gelýän paket atlarynyň sanawyny öndüriň
- dgrep - Berlen paketlerdäki ähli faýllary regex üçin gözläň
- dpigs - Iň köp disk ýerini alan paketleri görkeziň
- karz - APT maglumat bazasyndaky bukja üçin .deb alyň
- debmany - Gurlan ýa-da aýrylan paketleriň sahypalaryny saýlaň
- checkrestart - Döwrebaplaşdyrylan faýllaryň köne wersiýalaryny ulanýan amallary tapýar we täzeden başlaýar
- popbugs - Ulanylýan paketleriňize esaslanan ýöriteleşdirilen goýberiş kritiki hasabatyny görkeziň
- haýsy-pkg-döwüldi - Haýsy paketiň başga birini döwüp biljekdigini tutuň
Bular beýleki gabyk gurallary bilen ulanylanda ulgam dolandyryşyny has aňsatlaşdyryp biljek örän peýdaly kömekçi enjamlar. Aslynda, Debian-goodies guraly dpkg we apt gurallary ýaly adaty gurallara garanyňda paketler hakda has köp maglumat görkezýär.
Debian-goodies-i Debian, Ubuntu we Linux Mint-da nädip gurmaly
Debian-goodies paketini gurmak üçin aşakdaky buýrugy işlediň.
# sudo apt-get install debian-goodies
“Debian-goodies” bukjasy gurlansoň, makalanyň galan böleginde bu paket tarapyndan üpjün edilen her bir peýdaly enjamyň ulanylyşyny barlamagyň wagty geldi.
“Debian-Goodies” hyzmatlaryny nädip ulanmaly
Dglob nagyşda görkezilişi ýaly paketleriň ýa-da faýllaryň atlarynyň sanawyny döredýär. Packhli paketleriň adyny döretmek üçin diňe dglob işlediň ýa-da -a opsiýasyny goşuň.
[email :~# dglob fonts-sil-abyssinica libatk-adaptor openoffice-onlineupdate libvorbisfile3 libquadmath0 libxkbfile1 linux-sound-base python-apt-common python-gi-cairo libgs9-common libgom-1.0-common libqt5qml5 libgtk2.0-bin libregexp-common-perl evolution-data-server libaccount-plugin-generic-oauth bind9-host libhtml-tagset-perl iputils-ping libcgmanager0 evince ...
Ulgamyňyzda bukjanyň bardygyny ýa-da ýokdugyny bilmek üçin paketiň ady bilen dglob işlediň. Aşakdaky mysalda Firefox, Apache2 we debain-goodies gözläris.
[email :~# dglob firefox firefox-locale-en unity-scope-firefoxbookmarks firefox [email :~# dglob apache2 apache2 apache2-utils apache2-bin apache2-data [email :~# dglob debian-goodies debian-goodies
Görkezilen bukjadaky ähli faýllaryň sanawyny -f opsiýalaryny ulanyp çap edip bilersiňiz.
[email :~# dglob -f firefox /usr/share/doc/firefox-locale-en/copyright /usr/share/doc/firefox-locale-en/changelog.Debian.gz /usr/lib/firefox-addons/extensions/[email /usr/lib/firefox-addons/extensions/[email /usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-ZA/amazondotcom.xml /usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-ZA/google.xml /usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-ZA/ddg.xml /usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-GB/google.xml /usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-GB/amazon-en-GB.xml /usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-GB/ddg.xml /usr/lib/firefox/webapprt/extensions/[email /usr/lib/firefox/webapprt/extensions/[email /usr/share/unity/scopes/web/firefoxbookmarks.scope /usr/share/unity-scopes/firefoxbookmarks/unity_firefoxbookmarks_daemon.py /usr/share/unity-scopes/firefoxbookmarks/__init__.py /usr/share/doc/unity-scope-firefoxbookmarks/copyright ....
Dgreb kömekçi programmasy yzygiderli aňlatmak üçin kesgitlenen paket atlaryndaky faýllary gözlemek üçin ulanylýar. Esasan ulgamyňyza gurnalan paketleriň faýllaryny gözden geçirýär we ulanylýan wariantlaryň köpüsi grep bilen ulanylýar.
Bir nagşy kesgitlemek üçin aşakdaky ýaly -e opsiýasyny ulanyň.
[email :~# dgrep -e README apache2 /usr/sbin/apache2ctl: echo Setting ulimit failed. See README.Debian for more information. >&2 /usr/sbin/a2enmod: info( "See /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz on " /etc/apache2/mods-available/autoindex.conf: AddIcon /icons/hand.right.gif README /etc/apache2/mods-available/autoindex.conf: # ReadmeName is the name of the README file the server will look for by /etc/apache2/mods-available/autoindex.conf: ReadmeName README.html /etc/apache2/mods-available/cache_disk.conf: # /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian, and the htcacheclean(8) /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl.conf: # /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz for more info. ...
Çykarylan her giriş faýlyň adyny çap etmek üçin -l opsiýasyny ulanyň.
[email :~# dgrep -l conf apache2 /usr/sbin/a2query /usr/sbin/apache2ctl /usr/sbin/a2enmod /usr/share/doc/apache2/migrate-sites.pl /usr/share/doc/apache2/copyright /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.multiple-instances /usr/share/doc/apache2/examples/setup-instance /usr/share/doc/apache2/examples/secondary-init-script /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.backtrace /usr/share/apache2/apache2-maintscript-helper /usr/share/lintian/overrides/apache2 /etc/bash_completion.d/apache2 /etc/init.d/apache2 ...
Diňe gabat gelýän setiriň gabat gelýän böleklerini görkezmek üçin -o opsiýasyny ulanyň.
[email :~# dgrep -o conf apache2 /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf ...
Bu kömekçi ulgamyňyzda iň köp ýer ulanan paketleri görkezmek üçin ulanylýar. Esasanam boş ýer gutaranda we käbir paketleri aýyrmak isleseňiz gaty möhümdir.
Ulgamyňyzda iň köp ýer sarp edýän paketleri bilmek üçin diňe buýrugy işlediň.
[email :~# dpigs 158762 linux-image-extra-4.2.0-16-generic 157066 linux-image-extra-3.19.0-31-generic 155037 wine1.8-amd64 143459 wine1.8-i386 103364 linux-firmware 100412 firefox 96741 openjdk-8-jre-headless 96302 libgl1-mesa-dri 90808 thunderbird 90652 liboxideqtcore0
Adam okalýan formatda paket ululyklaryny okamak üçin -H opsiýasyny ulanyp bilersiňiz.
[email :~# dpigs -H 155.0M linux-image-extra-4.2.0-16-generic 153.4M linux-image-extra-3.19.0-31-generic 151.4M wine1.8-amd64 140.1M wine1.8-i386 100.9M linux-firmware 98.1M firefox 94.5M openjdk-8-jre-headless 94.0M libgl1-mesa-dri 88.7M thunderbird 88.5M liboxideqtcore0
Bellenen paketleriň sanyny 10-dan başga kesgitlemek üçin -n opsiýasyny ulanyň.
[email :~# dpigs -H -n 15 155.0M linux-image-extra-4.2.0-16-generic 153.4M linux-image-extra-3.19.0-31-generic 151.4M wine1.8-amd64 140.1M wine1.8-i386 100.9M linux-firmware 98.1M firefox 94.5M openjdk-8-jre-headless 94.0M libgl1-mesa-dri 88.7M thunderbird 88.5M liboxideqtcore0 87.9M libgl1-mesa-dri 81.3M openoffice-core04 77.8M fonts-horai-umefont 64.2M linux-headers-4.2.0-16 61.5M ubuntu-docs
Dpigleri ulanmakda kömek gözlemek üçin -h opsiýasyny ulanyň.
[email :~# dpigs -h
Usage: dpigs [options]
Options:
-n, --lines=N
Display the N largest packages on the system (default 10).
-s, --status=status-file
Use status-file instead of the default dpkg status file.
-S, --source
Display the largest source packages of binary packages installed
on the system.
-H, --human-readable
Display package sizes in human-readable format (like ls -lh or du -h)
-h, --help
Display this message.
Karz, APT bukjasynyň maglumatlar bazasyndan bir paket üçin berlen .deb almak üçin ulanylýar. Indiki mysallarda apache2, zip we tar hyzmatlary üçin .deb faýllaryny alarys.
[email :~# debget apache2 (apache2 -> 2.4.12-2ubuntu2)
[email :~# debget zip
(zip -> 3.0-11)
Downloading zip from http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zip/zip_3.0-11_amd64.deb
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0 154k 0 1211 0 0 2039 0 0:01:17 --:--:-- 0:01:17 47 154k 47 75059 0 0 44694 0 0:00:03 0:00:01 0:00:02 100 154k 100 154k 0 0 74182 0 0:00:02 0:00:02 --:--:-- 74220
[email :~# debget tar
(tar -> 1.27.1-2)
Downloading tar from http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/t/tar/tar_1.27.1-2_amd64.deb
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 15 191k 15 30155 0 0 48338 0 0:00:04 --:--:-- 0:00:04 100 191k 100 191k 0 0 201k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 201k
Getirilen .deb paketleriň hemmesi.
[email :~# dir -hl total 348K -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 86K Dec 30 12:46 apache2_2.4.7-1ubuntu4.6_amd64.deb -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 192K Dec 30 12:46 tar_1.27.1-2_amd64.deb -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 155K Dec 30 12:46 zip_3.0-11_amd64.deb
Ulgamyňyzda gurnalan ýa-da gurulmadyk paketleriň el bilen giriş sahypalaryny saýlamak üçin ulanylýar. Bu kömek, bukjanyň ähli sahypalaryny görmäge mümkinçilik berýär.
Aşakdaky saýlawlaryň käbiri, saýlan tomaşaçyňyzy ulanyp, sahypany görkezmek üçin debmany bilen ulanyp bilersiňiz:
KDE iş stoly gurşawyny ulanýan bolsaňyz, kfmclient ulanmak üçin -k opsiýasyny ulanyň.
[email :~# debmany -k tar
Bellik: Ulgamda KDE DE ýok, şonuň üçin ýokardaky buýrugyň çykyşyny görkezmek kyn.
GNOME iş stoly gurşawyny ulanýan bolsaňyz, gnome-açyk ulanmak üçin -g opsiýasyny ulanyň.
[email :~# debmany -g tar
KDE/GNOME/Xfce iş stoly gurşawyny ulanýan bolsaňyz, kdg-open ulanmak üçin -x opsiýasyny ulanyň.
[email :~# debmany -x tar
Aboveokardaky tomaşaçylaryň ulanmazdan ozal gurnalandygyna göz ýetiriň, ýogsam ýalňyşlyk bolup biler.
Chechstart eýýäm täzelenen faýllaryň köne wersiýalaryny ulanýan amallary tapmak we täzeden açmak üçin ulanylýar.
Processeshli amallar bilen barlag nokadyny ulanmak üçin -a opsiýasyny ulanyň.
[email :~# checkrestart -a
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
Output information may be incomplete.
Found 30 processes using old versions of upgraded files
(28 distinct programs)
(23 distinct packages)
Of these, 1 seem to contain systemd service definitions or init scripts which can be used to restart them.
The following packages seem to have definitions that could be used
to restart their services:
openssh-server:
1947 /usr/sbin/sshd
1889 /usr/sbin/sshd
These are the initd scripts:
service ssh restart
...
Ulgamda berlen bukja birikdirilen diňe öçürilen faýllary kesgitlemek üçin -p opsiýasyny ulanyň.
[email :~# checkrestart -p
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
Output information may be incomplete.
Found 0 processes using old versions of upgraded files
-v opsiýasyny ulanyp, jikme-jik maglumat döredip bilersiňiz.
[email :~# checkrestart -v
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
Output information may be incomplete.
Found 1 processes using old versions of upgraded files
(1 distinct program)
[DEBUG] Process /usr/bin/update-manager (PID: 2027)
List of deleted files in use:
/var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin
/var/lib/dpkg/status (deleted)
/var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin
/var/lib/dpkg/status (deleted)
/var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin
/var/lib/dpkg/status (deleted)
/var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin
/var/lib/dpkg/status (deleted)
[DEBUG] Running:['dpkg-query', '--search', '/usr/bin/update-manager']
[DEBUG] Reading line from dpkg-query: update-manager: /usr/bin/update-manager
[DEBUG] Found package update-manager for program /usr/bin/update-manager
(1 distinct packages)
[DEBUG] Running:['dpkg-query', '--listfiles', 'update-manager']
These processes (1) do not seem to have an associated init script to restart them:
update-manager:
2027 /usr/bin/update-manager
Ulgamyňyzda köplenç ulanýan paketleriňize esaslanan goýberiliş-möhüm kemçilikleriň sanawyny görkezmek üçin ulanylýar. Ilkinji gezek hiç hili mümkinçiligi bolmadyk popbuglary işledeniňizde, aşakdaky ýaly habar görkezer.
[email :~# popbugs
There is no popularity-contest data present on your system. This
probably means that popularity-contest has not yet run since it
was installed. Try waiting for /etc/cron.daily/popularity-contest to
to collect some data or manually run (as root user):
/usr/sbin/popularity-contest >/var/log/popularity-contest
Meşhurlyk-bäsdeşlik gündeligini döretmek üçin aşakdaky buýrugy işlediň.
[email :~# /usr/sbin/popularity-contest > /var/log/popularity-contest
Çykyşlary bir faýlda saklamak üçin –output =/path/to/file opsiýasyny ulanyň. Çykyş faýly html faýly bolmaly.
[email :~# popbugs --output=/tmp/output.html
Çykyş faýlyny görmek üçin faýlyň ýerleşişini görkezip, web brauzerinden faýly açyň.
Düzediş maglumatlary görkezmek üçin -d opsiýasyny ulanyň.
[email :~# popbugs --d POPCON: Adding package zeitgeist-core POPCON: Adding package upstart POPCON: Adding package unity-gtk2-module POPCON: Adding package whoopsie POPCON: Adding package xserver-xorg-input-evdev POPCON: Adding package unity-services POPCON: Adding package zlib1g POPCON: Adding package xserver-xorg-core ..
Başga bir bukjany döwen paketleri tapmak üçin ulanylýar. Käwagt ulgamyňyz belli bir paketler bilen döwülip biler, esasanam täzelenende. Şonuň üçin haýsy-pkg-döwülen ulgamyňyzy bozan paketleri ýa-da ulgamdaky belli bir bukjany tapmaga kömek edip biler.
Apache2-ni döwen paketleri bilmek üçin aşakdaky buýrugy işlediň.
[email :~# which-pkg-broke apache2 Package apache2 has no install time info Package mysql-common has no install time info Package libaprutil1-ldap has no install time info Package has no install time info Package libmysqlclient18 has no install time info Package has no install time info Package libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 has no install time info Package has no install time info Package libaprutil1-dbd-mysql has no install time info Package apache2-utils has no install time info Package libpq5 has no install time info Package apache2-data has no install time info Package libaprutil1-dbd-pgsql has no install time info Package libaprutil1-dbd-odbc has no install time info libacl1:amd64 Wed Apr 22 17:31:54 2015 libattr1:amd64 Wed Apr 22 17:31:54 2015 insserv Wed Apr 22 17:31:54 2015 libc6:amd64 Wed Apr 22 17:31:55 2015 ...
Gysgaça mazmun
Indiki makalalarda öwrenip biljek zatlarymyz bilen baglanyşykly başga-da köp peýdaly zatlar bar. Bu gollanmany peýdaly taparsyňyz we ulananyňyzda haýsydyr bir ýalňyşlyk bar bolsa ýa-da goşmak üçin başga pikirleriňiz bar bolsa, teswir ýazmagyňyzy haýyş edýäris. Tecmint-e birikdiriň.