“PyGObject” programmalary we programmalary “.deb” Linux iş stoly üçin paket - 4-nji bölüm
Linux iş stolunda siziň bilen PyGObject programmirleme seriýasyny dowam etdirýäris, seriýanyň 4-nji bölüminde biz üçin döreden programmalarymyzy we programmalarymyzy nädip gaplamalydygyny düşündireris. “Debian” bukjasy hökmünde PyGObject ulanýan Linux iş stoly.
Debian paketleri ( .deb ) Linux-yň aşagyndaky programmalary gurmak üçin iň köp ulanylýan format, .deb paketleri bilen iş salyşýan\ dpkg ulgamy. “Ubuntu” we “Linux Mint” ýaly Debian esasly Linux paýlamalarynyň hemmesinde deslapky zat, şonuň üçin diňe Debian üçin programmalarymyzy nädip gaplamalydygyny düşündireris.
PyGObject goýmalaryňyzdan Debian paketini dörediň
Ilki bilen, Debian paketlerini döretmek barada käbir esasy bilimleriňiz bolmaly, bu aşakdaky gollanma size köp kömek eder.
- Debian gaplamasy bilen tanyşlyk
Gysgaça aýdanyňda,\ myprogramma atly taslamaňyz bar bolsa, gaplamak üçin aşakdaky faýllar we bukjalar bolmaly.
- debian (Papka): Bu bukjada köp kiçi faýllara bölünen Debian bukjasy baradaky ähli maglumatlar bar.
- po (Papka): Po bukjada programma üçin terjime faýllary bar (5-nji bölümde düşündireris).
- myprogramma (Faýl): Bu PyGObject ulanyp döreden Python faýly, taslamanyň esasy faýly.
- ui.glade (Faýl): Ulanyjynyň grafiki faýly .. Glade ulanyp, programmanyň interfeýsini döreden bolsaňyz, bu faýly
-e goşmaly taslamaňyz. - bMyprogram.desktop (Faýl): Programma menýusynda programmany görkezmek üçin jogapkär faýl.
- setup.py (Faýl): Bu faýl islendik Python programmasyny ýerli ulgama gurnamak üçin jogapkärdir, islendik Python programmasynda gaty möhümdir, başga-da köp ulanmagyň usullary bar.
Elbetde .. Taslamaňyza goşup biljek başga-da köp faýl we bukjalar bar (aslynda islän zadyňyzy goşup bilersiňiz), ýöne şolar esasy.
Indi, bir taslama gaplamaga başlalyň.\ myprogram atly täze bukja dörediň,\ myprogram atly faýl dörediň we oňa aşakdaky kody goşuň.
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
## Replace your name and email.
# My Name <[email >
## Here you must add the license of the file, replace "MyProgram" with your program name.
# License:
# MyProgram is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# MyProgram is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with MyProgram. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
from gi.repository import Gtk
import os
class Handler:
def openterminal(self, button):
## When the user clicks on the first button, the terminal will be opened.
os.system("x-terminal-emulator ")
def closeprogram(self, button):
Gtk.main_quit()
# Nothing new here.. We just imported the 'ui.glade' file.
builder = Gtk.Builder()
builder.add_from_file("/usr/lib/myprogram/ui.glade")
builder.connect_signals(Handler())
window = builder.get_object("window1")
window.connect("delete-event", Gtk.main_quit)
window.show_all()
Gtk.main()
ui.glade faýly dörediň we ony şu kod bilen dolduryň.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- Generated with glade 3.16.1 -->
<interface>
<requires lib="gtk+" version="3.10"/>
<object class="GtkWindow" id="window1">
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<property name="title" translatable="yes">My Program</property>
<property name="window_position">center</property>
<property name="icon_name">applications-utilities</property>
<property name="gravity">center</property>
<child>
<object class="GtkBox" id="box1">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<property name="margin_left">5</property>
<property name="margin_right">5</property>
<property name="margin_top">5</property>
<property name="margin_bottom">5</property>
<property name="orientation">vertical</property>
<property name="homogeneous">True</property>
<child>
<object class="GtkLabel" id="label1">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<property name="label" translatable="yes">Welcome to this Test Program !</property>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">False</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">0</property>
</packing>
</child>
<child>
<object class="GtkButton" id="button2">
<property name="label" translatable="yes">Click on me to open the Terminal</property>
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">True</property>
<property name="receives_default">True</property>
<signal name="clicked" handler="openterminal" swapped="no"/>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">False</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">1</property>
</packing>
</child>
<child>
<object class="GtkButton" id="button3">
<property name="label">gtk-preferences</property>
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">True</property>
<property name="receives_default">True</property>
<property name="use_stock">True</property>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">False</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">2</property>
</packing>
</child>
<child>
<object class="GtkButton" id="button4">
<property name="label">gtk-about</property>
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">True</property>
<property name="receives_default">True</property>
<property name="use_stock">True</property>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">False</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">3</property>
</packing>
</child>
<child>
<object class="GtkButton" id="button1">
<property name="label">gtk-close</property>
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">True</property>
<property name="receives_default">True</property>
<property name="use_stock">True</property>
<signal name="clicked" handler="closeprogram" swapped="no"/>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">False</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">4</property>
</packing>
</child>
</object>
</child>
</object>
</interface>
Şu wagta çenli täzelik ýok .. Diňe Python faýly we interfeýs faýly döretdik. Indi şol bir bukjada\ setup.py faýly dörediň we oňa aşakdaky kody goşuň, teswirlerde her setir düşündirilýär.
# Here we imported the 'setup' module which allows us to install Python scripts to the local system beside performing some other tasks, you can find the documentation here: https://docs.python.org/2/distutils/apiref.html
from distutils.core import setup
setup(name = "myprogram", # Name of the program.
version = "1.0", # Version of the program.
description = "An easy-to-use web interface to create & share pastes easily", # You don't need any help here.
author = "TecMint", # Nor here.
author_email = "[email ",# Nor here :D
url = "http://example.com", # If you have a website for you program.. put it here.
license='GPLv3', # The license of the program.
scripts=['myprogram'], # This is the name of the main Python script file, in our case it's "myprogram", it's the file that we added under the "myprogram" folder.
# Here you can choose where do you want to install your files on the local system, the "myprogram" file will be automatically installed in its correct place later, so you have only to choose where do you want to install the optional files that you shape with the Python script
data_files = [ ("lib/myprogram", ["ui.glade"]), # This is going to install the "ui.glade" file under the /usr/lib/myprogram path.
("share/applications", ["myprogram.desktop"]) ] ) # And this is going to install the .desktop file under the /usr/share/applications folder, all the folder are automatically installed under the /usr folder in your root partition, you don't need to add "/usr/ to the path.
Indi şol bir bukjada\ myprogram.desktop faýly dörediň we aşakdaky kody goşuň, teswirlerde-de düşündirilýär.
# This is the .desktop file, this file is the responsible file about showing your application in the applications menu in any desktop interface, it's important to add this file to your project, you can view more details about this file from here: https://developer.gnome.org/integration-guide/stable/desktop-files.html.en [Desktop Entry] # The default name of the program. Name=My Program # The name of the program in the Arabic language, this name will be used to display the application under the applications menu when the default language of the system is Arabic, use the languages codes to change the name for each language. Name[ar]=برنامجي # Description of the file. Comment=A simple test program developed by me. # Description of the file in Arabic. Comment[ar]=برنامج تجريبي بسيط تم تطويره بواسطتي. # The command that's going to be executed when the application is launched from the applications menu, you can enter the name of the Python script or the full path if you want like /usr/bin/myprogram Exec=myprogram # Do you want to run your program from the terminal? Terminal=false # Leave this like that. Type=Application # Enter the name of the icon you want to use for the application, you can enter a path for the icon as well like /usr/share/pixmaps/icon.png but make sure to include the icon.png file in your project folder first and in the setup.py file as well. Here we'll use the "system" icon for now. Icon=system # The category of the file, you can view the available categories from the freedesktop website. Categories=GNOME;GTK;Utility; StartupNotify=false
Häzir bu ýerde diýen ýaly gutardyk ..\ dpkg debian bukjasynyň aşagynda käbir ownuk faýllary döretmeli. > Ulgamy.
\ debian bukjasyny açyň we aşakdaky faýllary dörediň.
control compat changelog rules
dolandyryş : Bu faýl Debian paketi barada esasy maglumatlary berýär, has giňişleýin maglumat üçin Debian Package Control Fields-a girmegiňizi haýyş edýäris.
Source: myprogram Maintainer: My Name <[email > Section: utils Priority: optional Standards-Version: 3.9.2 Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 9), python2.7 Package: myprogram Architecture: all Depends: python-gi Description: My Program Here you can add a short description about your program.
compat : Bu diňe dpkg ulgamy üçin möhüm faýl, diňe jadyly 9 belgini öz içine alýar, ony şeýle goýuň.
9
changelog : Bu ýerde programmaňyzdaky üýtgeşmeleri goşup bilersiňiz, has giňişleýin maglumat üçin Debian Package Changelog Source-e girmegiňizi haýyş edýäris.
myprogram (1.0) trusty; urgency=medium * Add the new features here. * Continue adding new changes here. * And here. -- My Name Here <[email > Sat, 27 Dec 2014 21:36:33 +0200
düzgünler : Bu faýl, bukjany gurnamak üçin ýerli enjamda gurnama işini ýerine ýetirmäge jogapkärdir, has giňişleýin maglumat görüp bilersiňiz
şu faýl hakda şu ýerden: Debian Package default düzgünleri.
Python programmaňyz üçin başga zat gerek bolmaz.
#!/usr/bin/make -f
# This file is responsible about running the installation process on the local machine to install the package, you can view more information about this file from here: https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/dreq.en.html#defaultrules Though you won't need anything more for your Python program.
%:
dh [email
override_dh_auto_install:
python setup.py install --root=debian/myprogram --install-layout=deb --install-scripts=/usr/bin/ # This is going to run the setup.py file to install the program as a Python script on the system, it's also going to install the "myprogram" script under /usr/bin/ using the --install-scripts option, DON'T FORGET TO REPLACE "myprogram" WITH YOUR PROGRAM NAME.
override_dh_auto_build:
Programmamyz üçin ähli zerur faýllary üstünlikli döredenimizden soň, indi gaplamaga başlalyň. Ilki bilen, başlamazdan ozal gurluşyk prosesi üçin käbir garaşlylyklary gurnandygyňyzy anyklaň.
$ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install devscripts
Indi Debian bukjasy hökmünde gaplamak üçin\ myprogram bukjasynyň öý bukjasynda (/home/user/myprogram ) bardygyny göz öňüne getiriň, aşakdaky buýruklary ýerine ýetiriň .
$ cd /home/user/myprogram $ debuild -us -uc
[email :~/Projects/myprogram$ debuild -us -uc dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -D -us -uc dpkg-buildpackage: source package myprogram dpkg-buildpackage: source version 1.0 dpkg-buildpackage: source distribution trusty dpkg-buildpackage: source changed by My Name Here <[email > dpkg-source --before-build myprogram dpkg-buildpackage: host architecture i386 fakeroot debian/rules clean dh clean dh_testdir dh_auto_clean .... ..... Finished running lintian.
Ine! Debian paketiňiz üstünlikli döredildi:
Debian esasly islendik paýlamada gurmak üçin işlediň.
$ sudo dpkg -i myprogram_1.0_all.deb
Aboveokardaky faýly bukjanyň ady bilen çalyşmagy ýatdan çykarmaň .. Indi bukjany guranyňyzdan soň programmany programmalar menýusyndan işledip bilersiňiz.
Bu işlär ..
Ynha, PyGObject baradaky seriýamyzyň 4-nji bölümi gutarýar .. Indiki sapakda PyGObject programmasyny nädip lokallaşdyrmalydygyny, şoňa çenli diňlenip durmagyňyzy düşündireris…