Linux ulgamlarynyň näsazlyklaryny düzeltmek we ýygnamak üçin 7 dmesg buýruk
dmesg buýrugy ýadro halkasynyň buferindäki habarlary görkezýär. Ulgam, arhitektura, cpu, birikdirilen enjam, RAM we ş.m. ýaly köp maglumatlary alyp bolýan ýerden birnäçe derejeli derejäni geçýär. Kompýuter açylanda ýadro (operasiýa ulgamynyň ýadrosy) ýada düşýär. Şol döwürde ýadro tarapyndan kesgitlenen enjam enjamlaryny görüp boljak habarlaryň sany görkezilýär.
Şeýle hem okaň: Ulgam we enjam maglumatlary ýygnamak üçin 10 Linux buýrugy
Habarlar enjam näsazlygy ýüze çykan halatynda maksady anyklamak taýdan örän möhümdir. Dmesg buýrugynyň kömegi bilen ulgamdaky enjam enjamlaryny birikdirenimizde ýa-da aýyranymyzda, uçuşda ýüze çykarylan ýa-da kesilen maglumatlary bilýäris. dmesg buýrugy Linux we Unix esasly operasiýa ulgamynda elýeterlidir.
Aşakda görkezilişi ýaly amaly mysallary bilen “dmesg” buýrugy diýilýän iň meşhur guralyň üstünde durup geçeliň. Dmesg-iň takyk sintaksisi aşakdaky ýaly.
# dmseg [options...]
1. ernadrodaky ähli ýüklenen sürüjileri sanaň
Tekst-manipulýasiýa gurallaryny, ýagny ' has ', ' guýruk ', ' az ' ýa-da ' grep ulanyp bileris. 'dmesg buýrugy bilen. Dmesg gündeliginiň çykyşy bir sahypada gabat gelmeýänligi sebäpli, köp ýa-da az buýruk bilen dmesg ulanmak bir sahypada gündelikleri görkezer.
dmesg | more dmesg | less
[ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct [ 0.000000] Linux version 3.11.0-13-generic ([email ) (gcc version 4.8.1 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.8.1-10ubuntu8) ) #20-Ubuntu SMP Wed Oct 23 17:26:33 UTC 2013 (Ubuntu 3.11.0-13.20-generic 3.11.6) [ 0.000000] KERNEL supported cpus: [ 0.000000] Intel GenuineIntel [ 0.000000] AMD AuthenticAMD [ 0.000000] NSC Geode by NSC [ 0.000000] Cyrix CyrixInstead [ 0.000000] Centaur CentaurHauls [ 0.000000] Transmeta GenuineTMx86 [ 0.000000] Transmeta TransmetaCPU [ 0.000000] UMC UMC UMC UMC [ 0.000000] e820: BIOS-provided physical RAM map: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009fbff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000000f0000-0x00000000000fffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x000000007dc08bff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000007dc08c00-0x000000007dc5cbff] ACPI NVS [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000007dc5cc00-0x000000007dc5ebff] ACPI data [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000007dc5ec00-0x000000007fffffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000e0000000-0x00000000efffffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fec00000-0x00000000fed003ff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fed20000-0x00000000fed9ffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fee00000-0x00000000feefffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000ffb00000-0x00000000ffffffff] reserved [ 0.000000] NX (Execute Disable) protection: active .....
Şeýle hem okaň : Linux faýllaryny baş, guýruk we pişik buýruklaryny netijeli dolandyryň
2. Dethli kesgitlenen enjamlary sanaň
Ernadro tarapyndan haýsy gaty diskleriň tapylandygyny bilmek üçin aşakda görkezilişi ýaly “grep” bilen birlikde “sda” açar sözüni gözläp bilersiňiz.
dmesg | grep sda [ 1.280971] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] 488281250 512-byte logical blocks: (250 GB/232 GiB) [ 1.281014] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off [ 1.281016] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 [ 1.281039] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [ 1.359585] sda: sda1 sda2 < sda5 sda6 sda7 sda8 > [ 1.360052] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk [ 2.347887] EXT4-fs (sda1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null) [ 22.928440] Adding 3905532k swap on /dev/sda6. Priority:-1 extents:1 across:3905532k FS [ 23.950543] EXT4-fs (sda1): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro [ 24.134016] EXT4-fs (sda5): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null) [ 24.330762] EXT4-fs (sda7): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null) [ 24.561015] EXT4-fs (sda8): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
BELLIK: “sda” ilkinji SATA gaty disk, “sdb” ikinji SATA gaty disk we ş.m. IDE gaty diski bolan ýagdaýynda hda ýa-da hdb bilen gözläň.
3. Çykyşyň diňe ilkinji 20 setirini çap ediň
“Kelle” dmesg bilen bilelikde başlangyç setirleri görkezer, ýagny “dmesg | head -20 'başlangyç nokadyndan bary-ýogy 20 setir çap eder.
dmesg | head -20 [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct [ 0.000000] Linux version 3.11.0-13-generic ([email ) (gcc version 4.8.1 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.8.1-10ubuntu8) ) #20-Ubuntu SMP Wed Oct 23 17:26:33 UTC 2013 (Ubuntu 3.11.0-13.20-generic 3.11.6) [ 0.000000] KERNEL supported cpus: [ 0.000000] Intel GenuineIntel [ 0.000000] AMD AuthenticAMD [ 0.000000] NSC Geode by NSC [ 0.000000] Cyrix CyrixInstead [ 0.000000] Centaur CentaurHauls [ 0.000000] Transmeta GenuineTMx86 [ 0.000000] Transmeta TransmetaCPU [ 0.000000] UMC UMC UMC UMC [ 0.000000] e820: BIOS-provided physical RAM map: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009fbff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000000f0000-0x00000000000fffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x000000007dc08bff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000007dc08c00-0x000000007dc5cbff] ACPI NVS [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000007dc5cc00-0x000000007dc5ebff] ACPI data [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000007dc5ec00-0x000000007fffffff] reserved
4. Çykyşyň diňe soňky 20 setirini çap ediň
“Guýruk” dmesg buýrugy bilen birlikde diňe 20 sany soňky setiri çap eder, çykarylýan enjam goýsak bu peýdalydyr.
dmesg | tail -20 parport0: PC-style at 0x378, irq 7 [PCSPP,TRISTATE] ppdev: user-space parallel port driver EXT4-fs (sda1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode Adding 2097144k swap on /dev/sda2. Priority:-1 extents:1 across:2097144k readahead-disable-service: delaying service auditd ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team nf_conntrack version 0.5.0 (16384 buckets, 65536 max) NET: Registered protocol family 10 lo: Disabled Privacy Extensions e1000: eth0 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None Slow work thread pool: Starting up Slow work thread pool: Ready FS-Cache: Loaded CacheFiles: Loaded CacheFiles: Security denies permission to nominate security context: error -95 eth0: no IPv6 routers present type=1305 audit(1398268784.593:18630): audit_enabled=0 old=1 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 res=1 readahead-collector: starting delayed service auditd readahead-collector: sorting readahead-collector: finished
5. Gözlenen enjamy ýa-da aýratyn setiri gözläň
Dmesg çykyşynyň uzynlygy sebäpli aýratyn setiri gözlemek kyn. Şeýlelik bilen, setirleri süzüň, usb, dma, ýat we ýat we ş.m. ýaly setirler bar.
dmesg | grep -i usb dmesg | grep -i dma dmesg | grep -i tty dmesg | grep -i memory
[ 0.000000] Scanning 1 areas for low memory corruption [ 0.000000] initial memory mapped: [mem 0x00000000-0x01ffffff] [ 0.000000] Base memory trampoline at [c009b000] 9b000 size 16384 [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x00000000-0x000fffff] [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x37800000-0x379fffff] [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x34000000-0x377fffff] [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x00100000-0x33ffffff] [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x37a00000-0x37bfdfff] [ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges [ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x0009f000-0x000effff] [ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x000f0000-0x000fffff] [ 0.000000] please try 'cgroup_disable=memory' option if you don't want memory cgroups [ 0.000000] Memory: 2003288K/2059928K available (6352K kernel code, 607K rwdata, 2640K rodata, 880K init, 908K bss, 56640K reserved, 1146920K highmem) [ 0.000000] virtual kernel memory layout: [ 0.004291] Initializing cgroup subsys memory [ 0.004609] Freeing SMP alternatives memory: 28K (c1a3e000 - c1a45000) [ 0.899622] Freeing initrd memory: 23616K (f51d0000 - f68e0000) [ 0.899813] Scanning for low memory corruption every 60 seconds [ 0.946323] agpgart-intel 0000:00:00.0: detected 32768K stolen memory [ 1.360318] Freeing unused kernel memory: 880K (c1962000 - c1a3e000) [ 1.429066] [drm] Memory usable by graphics device = 2048M
6. Dmesg Bufer surnallaryny arassalaň
Hawa, aşakdaky buýruk bilen zerur bolsa dmesg surnallaryny arassalap bileris. Aşakdaky buýrugy ýerine ýetirýänçäňiz, dmesg halka bufer habar ýazgylaryny arassalaýar. Şeýle-de bolsa, '/ var/log/dmesg' faýllarynda saklanýan surnallary görüp bilersiňiz. Islendik enjamy birikdirseňiz, dmesg çykyşy dörediler.
dmesg -c
7. Hakyky wagtda dmesg-e gözegçilik
Käbir distro “guýruk -f/var/log/dmesg” buýrugyny, şeýle hem hakyky wagt dmesg gözegçiligi üçin mümkinçilik berýär.
watch "dmesg | tail -20"
Netije: dmesg buýrugy peýdalydyr, sebäbi dmesg ulgamdaky ähli üýtgeşmeleri ýazga alýar ýa-da hakyky wagtda bolýar. Hemişe bolşy ýaly has giňişleýin maglumat almak üçin adam dmesg edip bilersiňiz.